Imperial Throne (micronation)

Imperial Throne

Императорский Престол
Micronation
Flag Coat of arms
Status Current
Official languages Russian
Religion Official
Eastern Orthodox
Organizational structure Constitutional monarchy
 •  Emperor Nicholas IIIa
 •  Archchancellor Anton Bakov
Establishment
 •  Declared 2011 
Membership ~4,000b
Purported currency Ruble
Website
russianempire.org
a. disputed title, see Romanov line of succession
b. based on claims of passport purchases[1]

The Imperial Throne (Russian: Императорский Престол),[2] formerly the Russian Empire (Российская Империя), is a micronation created in 2011 by Russian businessman and politician Anton Bakov, chairman of the Monarchist Party of the Russian Federation.

Bakov has declared the Imperial Throne to be the successor to the historical Russian Empire that ceased to exist in 1917. The Imperial Throne also claims the right to maritime territories that were either claimed by the Russian Empire or discovered by the Imperial Russian Navy but never absorbed into the Soviet Union.[3] The 17 claimed territories include the entire continent of Antarctica as well as land currently under the jurisdiction of Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, and other nations.[4]

In 2014, the Imperial Throne proclaimed that Prince Karl Emich of Leiningen, one of several claimants to the imperial Romanov line, was now Nicholas III, Emperor of All Russia.[1]

History

2011-2013

In September 2011, Bakov told Russian newspaper Izvestia that he had purchased the Suwarrow atoll on 20 July 2011 for "millions of dollars" from the prime minister of the Cook Islands, on which he resurrecting the Russian Empire.[3][5] Cook Islands Prime Minister Henry Puna stated that Bakov's claim was completely false.[6]

Bakov declared himself prime minister and announced a constitution and state symbols.[7] The empire began to issue its own passports online for 1,000 rubles (USD $31),[8] and by 2014 it claimed it had granted about 4,000 passports to citizens.[1]

In June 2012, Bakov registered the Monarchist Party with the Russian Ministry of Justice,[8] with a stated goal of restoring the monarchy to Russia in accordance with law. It is the only legalised monarchist party in Russia. In the fall of 2013, Bakov's daughter Anastasia Bakova (Анастасия Бакова) was the Monarchist Party's candidate in the mayoral elections in Yekaterinburg.

In July 2013, Bakov claimed his nation granted citizenship to the stateless Edward Snowden, who at the time was in Moscow Sheremetyevo Airport seeking amnesty in Russia.[9]

Accession of Prince Karl Emich

For more details on this topic, see Line of succession to the former Russian throne.
Anton Bakov and Karl Emich signing founding documents for the Imperial Throne.

When Bakov founded the Monarchist Party in 2012, Maria Vladimirovna, Grand Duchess of Russia (herself among the claimants to head the Imperial Family of Russia and a cousin of Prince Karl Emich), stated her opposition to the political party. Her attorney summarised her stance to Russian media: "No parties can help in this full-time job since a monarch can come to the throne only by the will of one's people and God."[8]

Bakov responded to the press that if the Grand Duchess would not support their endeavor to restore the Russian Empire, other claimants would.[8]

On 31 March 2014, under the new name of the Imperial Throne, the micronation issued a manifesto announcing itself a sovereign nation and declaring that Prince Karl Emich of Leiningen (born 1952) had become its head with the title of Nicholas III, Emperor of All Russia, as a successor to Nicholas II. The title claim emerged upon the Prince's conversion from Lutheranism to Eastern Orthodox Christianity on 1 June 2013.[10] Karl Emich descends from the House of Romanov through his grandmother, Grand Duchess Maria Kirillovna (1907-1951), eldest child of Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich, who in 1924 claimed the Russian crown from exile following the execution of his cousin Nicholas II in 1918.

The Imperial Throne claimed that by his conversion, Prince Karl Emich had fulfilled the accession requirements of Articles 35 and 53 of the Fundamental Laws of the Russian Empire last established in 1906. Prince Karl Emich accepted the Orthodox name "Nikolai Kirillovich" (Николай Кириллович) to become Nicholas III, and his (third) wife, née Countess Isabelle von und zu Egloffstein, who also converted, accepted the name "Yekaterina Fyodorovna" (Екатерина Фёдоровна).[10]

Bakov's title changed from "Prime Minister" to "Archchancellor". The manifesto, signed by Nicholas III, proclaimed the goal of the Imperial Throne as consolidating people all over the world devoted to Christian monarchism.[10]

Constitution and bylaws

According to its constitution, "the Imperial Throne is a sovereign state, a constitutional monarchy, the successor of the All-Russian Imperial Throne, and its predecessor, the Roman and Byzantine thrones."[2]

Proponents of the Imperial Throne purport it to be the successor of the historical Russian Empire founded by Peter the Great in 1721. As such, the nation stakes its claim to unpopulated territory that belonged to the historical Russian Empire through "right of discovery", but which was not claimed by the Soviet Union after the 1917 Russian Revolution. It does not claim land that was part of the historical Russian Empire that is now part of Finland, Poland, or the former Soviet republics.[3]

Council of ministers

The nation's website proclaims a council of ministers (similar to the council of ministers set up by the actual Russian Empire), composed of the following:[11]

  1. Anton Alekseevich Bakov — Chairman
  2. Stanislav Alexandrovich Belkovsky — Comrade of the Chairman
  3. Tatiana Nikolayevna Ignatova — Minister of Finance
  4. Mikhail Leontevich Strass — Minister of the Imperial Palace
  5. Kirill Olegovich Zhesterov — Minister of Foreign Affairs
  6. Ilya Antonovich Bakov — Minister of Investment

Geographic area

Proposed imperial palace and further talks

After he was named Emperor, Nicholas III wrote a letter to Vladimir Putin requesting land in Yekaterinburg to establish a capital with its own imperial senate.[12] The request was denied.[13]

In 2014, Bakov announced that he had purchased a 96 hectares (0.96 km2) plot of land in Nikšić, Montenegro to build an imperial palace along with a Russian cultural center and Orthodox monastery.[14] In early 2015, as a follow-up to the international sanctions during the Ukrainian crisis, Bakov told the press there were talks with Montenegro authorities to establish an offshore zone at this plot, aimed at providing financial intermediation to Russian companies.[15]

Also in early 2015 Imperial Throne representatives claimed to be in talks with the authorities of the neighboring Republic of Macedonia and Albania on possible collaboration and future state recognition. Bakov held a meeting with Macedonian Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski.[16] Later there were talks with President of Gambia Yahya Jammeh at the 70th UN General Assembly session.[17] Also, talks were held with Macedonian and Montenegro Eastern Orthodox clergy — Bakov discussed creation of churches associated with Imperial Throne and proposed canonization of Russian ruler Ivan III and his wife Sophia Palaiologina, who played significant roles in bringing Christian monarchy to Russia.[18] In May 2016 talks were held with government of Kiribati.[19] Talks with Gaston Browne, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda, also took place.

Claimed Geography

There are 17 lands and islands discovered by the Imperial Russian Navy that the Imperial Throne claims:[4]

  1. Suwarrow Atoll discovered by Mikhail Lazarev;
  2. Antarctica discovered by Lazarev and Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen;
  3. Bellinghausen Atoll discovered by Kotzebue;
  4. Escholtz Atoll discovered by Kotzebue;
  5. Vostok Island discovered by Bellingshausen;
  6. Toke Atoll discovered by Kotzebue;
  7. Tuanake Atoll discovered by Bellingshausen;
  8. Hiti Atoll discovered by Bellingshausen;
  9. Erikub Atoll discovered by Kotzebue;
  10. North Borodino Island discovered by Zakhar Panafidin;
  11. South Borodino Island discovered by Panafidin;
  12. Visokoi Island discovered by Bellingshausen;
  13. Zavadovskiy Island discovered by Bellingshausen;
  14. Leskov Island discovered by Bellingshausen;
  15. Lisianski Island discovered by Krusenstern;
  16. Panafidin Island discovered by Panafidin;
  17. Peter I Island discovered by Bellingshausen.

Symbols

The coat of arms of the "Russian Empire" consisted of a double-headed eagle, holding a hammer and sickle in its talons. The flag of the Empire is the St. Andrew's Cross, which was the Russian Navy Ensign.[7]

With the transformation into the Imperial Throne, the coat of arms was changed to a black Russian Imperial Eagle with the Chi Rho symbol in the escutcheon. Bakov emphasized the Chi Rho symbolizes the formation of the Christian Monarchy in the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great who saw the symbol in the skies before the Battle of the Milvian Bridge in 312 AD. The eagle holds in its talons the sceptre and globus cruciger, two of the most prominant symbols of Christian Monarchy.

References

  1. 1 2 3 (Russian) n:ru:Виртуальная «Российская империя» с одобрения Николая III обретает государственный суверенитет — Russian Wikinews, 15 April 2014
  2. 1 2 КОНСТИТУЦИЯ СУВЕРЕННОГО ГОСУДАРСТВА ИМПЕРАТОРСКИЙ ПРЕСТОЛ [Constitution of the Sovereign State of the Imperial Throne]. russianempire.org (in Russian). Retrieved 30 January 2015. 1. Императорский Престол – Суверенное Государство, конституционная монархия, правопреемник Всероссийского Императорского Престола, и предшествовавших ему Римского и Византийского Престолов
  3. 1 2 3 Alexandra Bayazitova; Olga Tropkina; Yelena Shishkunova (1 September 2011). Друг Немцова воссоздал Российскую империю на островке в 168 га [Friend of Nemtsov Recreated the Russian Empire on 168-hectare Island]. Izvestia (in Russian). Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  4. 1 2 "About". russianempire.org (in Russian). Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  5. ↑ Rachel Reeves (1 October 2011). "Russians claiming Suwarrow". Cook Islands News. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  6. ↑ "Russian mission foiled by seasickness". Cook Islands News. 5 October 2011. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  7. 1 2 Возрождена Российская империя [Revived Russian Empire]. Babr (in Russian). 2 September 2011. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  8. 1 2 3 4 "Russian Monarchists launch own party, Romanovs protest". RT. 19 July 2012. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  9. ↑ Председатель Совета министров Российской Империи выписал Сноудену паспорт [Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Russian Empire made Snowden a passport] (in Russian). Regions. 5 July 2013. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  10. 1 2 3 Империя – наше прошлое и будущее? [Empire - Our Past and Future?] (in Russian). Regions. 10 April 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  11. ↑ Совет министров [Council of Ministers]. russianempire.org (in Russian). Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  12. ↑ (Russian) http://www.monpartya.ru/news/politicheskaya_iniciativa_nikolaya_kirillovicha.htm
  13. ↑ Гость «Стенда» – Антон Баков, Председатель Монархической партии России [Guest Anton Bakov, President of the Monarch Party of Russia]. Channel4 (in Russian). 2 June 2014. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  14. ↑ Российский политик строит императорский дворец в Черногории (in Russian). 3 June 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  15. ↑ (Russian) n:ru:В Черногории создаётся антикризисный пророссийский офшор — Russian Wikinews, 11 February 2015
  16. ↑ Archchancellor of Imperial Throne Anton Bakov met with the Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia
  17. ↑ http://imperor.net/en/gambian-press-welcomes-archchancellor-of-imperial-throne-a-a-bakov/
  18. ↑ (Russian) http://www.gosrf.ru/news/19169/
  19. ↑ The official visit of the Archchancellor of the Imperial Throne Anton Bakov to the Republic of Kiribati

External links

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