Ineffective assistance of counsel

Professional responsibility
Duties to the client
Confidentiality Avoiding conflict of interest Due diligence and Competence (law) Avoid commingling Avoid self-dealing Effective assistance Avoid fee splitting Withdrawal from representation
Duties to the court
Disclosure of perjury Disclosure of adverse authority
Duties to the profession
Limitations on legal advertising Report misconduct
Sources of law
ABA Model Rules
Penalties for misconduct
Disbarment Judicial misconduct

Ineffective assistance on counsel is a claim raised by a convicted criminal defendant for the plaintiff whereas the innocent plaintiffs attorney's performance was so ineffective that it deprived the plaintiff of the constitutional right guaranteed by the Assistance of Counsel Clause of the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Having the benefit of counsel or assistance of counsel means that the criminal defendant has had a competent attorney representing them. Competence is defined as reasonable professional assistance and is defined in part by prevailing professional norms and standards. To prove they received ineffective assistance, a criminal defendant must show two things:

Deficient performance by counsel
Resulting prejudice, in that but for the deficient performance, the result of the proceeding would have differed

The foregoing test was set forth in Strickland v. Washington (1984), in which the United States Supreme Court also established that failure to inform a defendant of the direct consequences of a sentence qualifies as ineffective assistance of counsel, but failure to inform of collateral consequences of criminal charges does not. The Court carved out an exception for deportation in Padilla v. Kentucky (2010), reversing a conviction where a noncitizen was wrongly advised that pleading guilty would not have negative immigration consequences.^[1]

Ineffective assistance of counsel may also be a ground for voiding a waiver of the right to appeal that a defendant may have signed as part of a plea agreement with prosecutors.^[2]

Under the two-prong Strickland standard, criminal convictions have been affirmed on appeal even where the defense attorney fell asleep during the prosecutor's cross-examination of the defendant,^[3] was heavily intoxicated on alcohol throughout the trial,^[4] was in extremely poor health and senile,^[5] was mentally ill (and even discussed his delusions in opening argument),^[6] or was himself a convicted felon whose sentence included community service in the form of defending accused murderers (despite his lack of experience in such cases).^[7]

The point of Strickland is that even extremely incompetent performance of counsel does not support a finding of ineffective assistance, if there was also independent and substantial evidence of the defendant's guilt—or if the end result would have probably been the same in the specific case, even with a competent counsel.

References

↑ Padilla v. Kentucky, 130 S.Ct. 1473 (2010)
↑ United States v. Shedrick, 493 F.3d 292, 298 n.6 (3d Cir. 2007).
↑ Muniz v. Smith, 647 F.3d 619 (6th Cir. 2011).
↑ People v. Garrison, 47 Cal. 3d 746 (1989).
↑ Bellamy v. Cogdell, 974 F.2d 302 (2d Cir. 1992).
↑ Smith v. Ylst, 826 F.2d 872 (9th Cir. 1987).
↑ State v. Wille, 595 So. 2d 1149 (La. 1992).

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Miscarriage of justice

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Related concepts	Legal ethics Exculpatory evidence Right to a fair trial Race in the United States criminal justice system Capital punishment in the United States Innocent prisoner's dilemma Racial profiling Loophole Ineffective assistance of counsel Show trial Actual innocence Cross-race effect Eyewitness memory Eyewitness identification Equal Protection Clause Batson v. Kentucky List of United States death row inmates Prosecutor's fallacy Innocence Protection Act

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