Islamic Jihad Union

"IJU" redirects here. For other uses, see IJU (disambiguation).
"Islamic Jihad Group" redirects here. For the organization formerly known as the Jihad Group, see Egyptian Islamic Jihad.
Islamic Jihad Union (IJU)
Participant in terrorism in Uzbekistan
War in Afghanistan (2001-2014)
War in Afghanistan (2015-present)

Flag of Jihad
Active 2002–present
Ideology Pan-Islamism
Leaders Akhtar Mansoor  †
Najmiddin Jalolov  †
Headquarters North Waziristan
Originated as Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
Allies

Taliban
al-Qaeda
East Turkestan Islamic Movement
Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan

Caucasus Emirate
Opponents

Uzbekistan,
International Security Assistance Force,
Germany,

United States
Battles and wars War on Terror
Soviet war in Afghanistan
Civil war in Afghanistan (1989–92)
Civil war in Afghanistan (1992–96)
Civil war in Afghanistan (1996–2001)
War in Afghanistan (2001–14)
Taliban insurgency
Operation Zarb-e-Azb
War in Afghanistan (2015–present)

The Islamic Jihad Union (IJU; Arabic: اتحاد الجهاد الإسلامي‎, translit. Ittiḥad al-Jihad al-Islāmī‎) is a militant Islamist organization founded in 2002 as a splinter group of the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU). Headquartered in North Waziristan, a mountainous region of northwest Pakistan, bordering Afghanistan, the group has been affiliated with both al-Qaida and the Taliban.

Under its original name Islamic Jihad Group (IJG; Arabic: Jama’at al-Jihad al-Islāmī‎‎), the group conducted several attacks in Uzbekistan. In 2007, a large-scale bomb plot in Germany, known as the "Sauerland terror cell", was discovered by German security authorities.[1] In the following years, the group focused on fighting Pakistani forces in the tribal areas, and NATO and Afghan forces in Afghanistan.[2]

Recruits are mainly Turks both from Turkey and from Turkish communities in Western Europe, but also European converts to Islam, particularly in German-speaking countries.[3]

History

Islamic Jihad Group

The IJG was founded in March 2002 as a splinter group from the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU), after the movement was effectively tied between those who aimed to join the Global Jihad, and those who wanted to keep pressure and focus on Uzbekistan. Under its initial name Islamic Jihad Group, the new group settled in North Waziristan and took headquarters in Mir Ali.[4]

IJG set off a series of bombs from 28 March to 1 April 2004 in Uzbekistan, killing 47 people, and had terror cells in Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Russia. IJG members trained at terror camps in Pakistan and Kazakhstan. The IJG bombed the Israeli and U.S. embassies and the Uzbek Prosecutor-General's Office in Tashkent, Uzbekistan on 30 July 2004, saying they targeted "apostate" governments. Several IJG members were arrested in Kazakhstan in late 2004.[5]

U.S. Central Intelligence Agency Director Porter Goss testified in March 2005 that IJG "has become a more virulent threat to U.S. interests and local governments." The State Department designated IJG as a global terrorist organization in May 2005. The United Nations Security Council added IJG to its terrorism list in June 2005.[5]

al-Qaida affiliation

In May 2005, the group changed its name into Islamic Jihad Group (IJU). After this period, it became closer to core al-Qaida, shifting its focus towards plotting terror attacks in Pakistan and Western Europe, particularly Germany.[6]

On 13 October 2005, the member of parliament Hazel Blears testified before the British House of Commons that the IJU should be identified as a banned organization because it posed a threat to British interests overseas. Some Ministers dissented from this viewpoint. On the contrary, Blears asserted in her testimony that these conclusions were independently corroborated by British intelligence and security services sources, and that many UN members expressed concern regarding the IJG.

Sauerland-Gruppe

In 2007 three terrorists were arrested in Germany after being suspected of plans to attack the Frankfurt International airport and US-Military installations such as Ramstein Air Base. The three persons were directly affiliated with the Islamic Jihad Group.[7][8]

In 2008 two[1] suspected IJU members were arrested at Germany's Cologne Bonn Airport aboard a KLM flight bound for Amsterdam. The men, who had connecting flights to Uganda, were thought to have continuing itineraries on to Pakistan, where sources claimed they would participate in some sort of terrorist training or indoctrination. However, after being held for several days, evidence failed to materialize and the men (one Somali and one German citizen of Somali heritage) were released.

Reorientation to Afghanistan

Following the discovered bombing plot of the IJU-affiliated "Sauerland terror cell" in Germany, the group shifted its operations again to Afghanistan, where in early 2008 a German-born Turkish IJU member drove a VBIED into a NATO compound, killing at least four people.[9]

A video released online by the IJU's media arm, Badr al-Tawhid, in 2011, showed its members fighting alongside Taliban forces in Afghanistan’s northern and eastern provinces, and providing training to local Uzbek, Tajik and Pashtuns. The same video listed IJU fighters killed in Afghanistan, whose names indicated they had come from Turkey, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Pakistan.[10]

In a mid-2015 statement, the IJU website claimed that the group was currently fighting alongside the Taliban, al Qaeda, and the Turkistan Islamic Party in southern Afghanistan, the eastern provinces of Paktika, Paktia, and Nangarhar, and the northern provinces of Badakhshan and Kunduz.[2] In August 2015, the IJU released a statement and photos showing scores of its fighters in Northern Afghanistan pledging allegiance to the newly appointed Taliban leader Akhtar Mansoor.[11]

References

  1. 1 2 DPA news agency (kjb) (September 19, 2008), Germany Arrests Two Suspected of Failed Terror Plot, Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on October 24, 2012, retrieved September 20, 2008
  2. 1 2 "Islamic Jihad Union details its involvement in Taliban's Azm offensive". Long War Journal. 25 July 2015. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
  3. ↑ Sandee 2008, pp. 11; 22.
  4. ↑ Sandee 2008, p. 2.
  5. 1 2 Central Asia: Regional Developments and Implications for U.S. interests Library of Congress
  6. ↑ Sandee 2008, p. 11.
  7. ↑ Smith, Diane (September 5, 2007), Three Suspected Terrorists Arrested in Germany, eFluxMedia, archived from the original on September 7, 2008, retrieved September 20, 2008
  8. ↑ DPA news agency (dc) (September 2, 2008). "Germany Indicts "Home Grown" Islamists for Terrorist Bomb Plot". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved September 20, 2008.
  9. ↑ Sandee 2008, p. 15.
  10. ↑ Bill Rogio (February 3, 2012). "Islamic Jihad Union details cooperation with Afghan Taliban". Long War Journal. Archived from the original on February 27, 2014. Retrieved February 24, 2014.
  11. ↑ "Central Asian groups split over leadership of global jihad". Long War Journal. 24 August 2015. Retrieved 30 September 2015.

Literature

External links

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