JIC Germplasm Resources Unit

JIC Germplasm Resources Unit
Headquarters Norwich, UK
Key people
  • Mike Ambrose
  • Adrian Turner
  • Liz Sayers
  • Richard Horler
Affiliations
Website www.jic.ac.uk/germplasm/

The John Innes Centre Germplasm Resources Unit (GRU) located in the Norwich Research Park, Norwich, England, is a Germplasm conservation unit and National Capability supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC). The Unit houses a number of internationally recognized reference and working collections for wheat, oats, barley and peas,[1] which serves UK and non-UK based academic, industrial and non-industrial groups.

History

The collections from the Germplasm Resources Unit were brought together in the mid-1980s from working collection from several research institutes from around the UK that worked with small grain cereals and legumes, including the extinct Plant Breeding Institute.[2] This centralization effort was supported by the John Innes Institute, and was designed to act as an open collection that would provide access to important resources for ongoing research and breeding.
The connection of the Unit and the John Innes Centre has the advantage of placing germplasm material on sites of active research where a higher level of interaction with the scientific community is possible. This two way interaction ensures that scientists and students are exposed to, and have greater opportunities to view and discuss genetic variability, while affording GRU staff active involvement in current research objectives and priorities within both basic and strategic applied science.
In 2012 the Unit became a National Capability supported by the BBSRC as part of its new funding arrangmements.
Today, the cereal collections have been successfully screened for many traits leading to the identification of new sources of disease resistance to a range of diseases as well as tolerance to drought, salinity and aluminium.

Collections

The Germplasm Resources Unit houses a diverse range of seed collections, accounting for more than 20,000 accessions.[3] The seeds are stored in a special low temperature, low humidity facility and a complete list of accessions can be found in the GRU's database SeedStor,[4] which was released at the end of 2014.[5]
The oldest collection kept in GRU is the Watkins Landrace Wheat Collection, which has a variety of wheat landraces cultivars acquired by A.E. Watkins in the 1930s from 32 different countries in Asia, Europe and Africa. Because the samples were collected before modern plant breeding efforts and the Green revolution, it is a very interesting source of genetic variability for novel agronomic trait discovery. The collection was screened in 2014 by John Innes Centre researchers, and a great level of genetic diversity was found.[6]
The BBSRC Small Grain Cereal Collection [7] is the largest in the UK and originated from a series of working collections from different plant breeding and research institutes from the UK. The collection was produced alongside public sector breeding programmes, and has the potential to be a source of important traits regarding disease, pest and stress resistance.
GRU also houses a Pisum collection, all of the elite varieties that are registered in the UK National Listing,[8] and several specialist genetic collections, such as near-isogenic lines, TILLING collections, precise genetic stocks, mapping populations, host differentials for disease testing and variant collections developed and targeted at the research and breeding communities.[9]

References

  1. ↑ Historic grain collections helps preserve future biodiversity http://www.bbsrc.ac.uk/news/food-security/2011/110113-f-historic-grain-collections.aspx
  2. ↑ History of JIC https://www.jic.ac.uk/about/history-jic/
  3. ↑ Focus on Biodiversity http://plantbreedingmatters.com/sg_userfiles/Focus_on_Biodiversity.pdf
  4. ↑ https://seedstor.ac.uk/
  5. ↑ https://www.jic.ac.uk/germplasm/
  6. ↑ "Establishing the A. E. Watkins landrace cultivar collection as a resource for systematic gene discovery in bread wheat". Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 127: 1831–1842. doi:10.1007/s00122-014-2344-5.
  7. ↑ BBSRC Cereals Collection https://www.jic.ac.uk/germplas/BBSRC_CE/Index.htm
  8. ↑ National Listing of agricultural and vegetable crops https://www.gov.uk/national-lists-of-agricultural-and-vegetable-crops
  9. ↑ https://www.jic.ac.uk/germplasm/germplasm-resources.htm
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