Jeremiah Chamberlain

Jeremiah Chamberlain
Born January 5, 1794
Gettysburg, Adams County, Pennsylvania
Died September 5, 1851
Lorman, Jefferson County, Mississippi
Education Dickinson College
Princeton Theological Seminary
Occupation Preacher, educator
Religion Presbyterian
Spouse(s) Rebecca (Blain) Chamberlain
Children Susan Ann Chamberlain
Sarah Matilda Chamberlain
Isabella (Chamberlain) Hyland
Rebecca Clarissa (Chamberlain) Sleeper
Relatives William S. Hyland (son-in-law)
Fabius H. Sleeper (son-in-law)

Jeremiah Chamberlain (1794-1851) was an American Presbyterian minister, educator and college administrator. Educated at Dickinson College and Princeton Theological Seminary, he served as the president of Centre College in Kentucky from 1822 to 1825.

He was founding president of the Presbyterian-affiliated Oakland College in Claiborne County, Mississippi, serving from 1830 to his death in 1851. Known to favor abolition of slavery, he was a co-founder with major planters of the Mississippi Colonization Society. Affiliated with the American Colonization Society, it was formed to relocate free people of color from the state to West Africa, in the colony that developed as Liberia.

In 1850 Chamberlain still owned three slaves. The following year he was murdered during an argument with a pro-slavery planter.

Biography

Early life

Jeremiah Chamberlain was born on January 5, 1794 in Pennsylvania.[1][2] His father, James Chamberlain, had served as a colonel in the American Revolutionary War of 1775-1783.[1] He grew up on a farm near Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.[1][2] He was educated in York County and graduated from Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in 1814.[1][2]

Chamberlain was a member of the first graduating class of Princeton Theological Seminary in Princeton, New Jersey in 1817.[1][2] He returned to Pennsylvania, where he joined the Carlisle Presbyterian Ministry.[1][2]

Career

Chamberlain served as a Presbyterian missionary in the Southwest in 1817.[1][2] The following year, he began serving as a Presbyterian minister in Bedford, Pennsylvania.[1][2]

He served as president of Centre College in Danville, Kentucky from 1822 to 1825.[1][2] The college was in grave financial straits.[2] To improve the situation, Chamberlain negotiated for the control of the college to be relinquished by the state to the Presbyterian Church, which was effected in 1824.[2] The Presbyterian Church was responsible for the election of the Board of Trustees and the finances of the college.[2]

Chamberlain moved South, serving next as the president of the College of Louisiana in Jackson, Louisiana from 1826 to 1828.[1][2]

That year, in 1828, he attempted to found a new Presbyterian academy in Mississippi.[1][2] Meanwhile, he served as the minister at Bethel Presbyterian Church in Alcorn.[3]

Two years later, in 1830, Chamberlain was appointed as the President of Oakland College in Lorman, Mississippi.[1][2] The college closed down in 1861 because of the outbreak of the American Civil War, as its students left for war.[1][2] Never recovering after the war, the administrators sold the property to the state in 1870. The state legislature established Alcorn University here, the first black land grant institution in the country. The old Oakland Memorial Chapel, built in 1838, remains on its campus.[1][2]

Map of Liberia in the 1830s, where the Mississippi and other state-sponsored colonies are identified.

Chamberlain had continued to support the Union and was opposed to slavery.[1] In the 1830s, together with planters Isaac Ross (1760-1838), Edward McGehee (1786-1880), Stephen Duncan (1787-1867), and John Ker (1789-1850), he co-founded the Mississippi Colonization Society, whose goal was to send freed slaves and other free blacks to resettle in Liberia on the African continent.[4][5] The organization was modeled after the American Colonization Society, but it focused on freedmen in Mississippi, which was a majority-slave state. The planters believed that free blacks destabilized slave society and wanted them removed.[4][5] Their colony was called Mississippi-in-Africa.

In 1850 Chamberlain still owned three young slaves in 1850, aged 24, 17, and 15, according to the census slave schedules.[6] They likely served his family as domestic servants.

Personal life

He married Rebecca Blain (1792-1836).[7] They had four daughters:

Death

On September 5, 1851, Chamberlain was stabbed to death by George A. Briscoe, a pro-slavery planter, after he spoke out against the "peculiar institution."[1][2] He was buried in a cemetery on the campus of Oakland College. A week after the attack, his killer Briscoe committed suicide.[2]

Chamberlain's grave and a memorial obelisk still stand on what is now the campus of Alcorn State University. His wife and four daughters were later buried beside him.[7]

Legacy

In 1879, the Chamberlain-Hunt Academy in Port Gibson, Mississippi was named after him and David Hunt (1779-1861), a millionaire planter and philanthropist.[8][9]

Chamberlain's papers are preserved in the Mississippi Department of Archives and History in Jackson, Mississippi.[2]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Dickinson College: Jeremiah Chamberlain (1794-1851)
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Centre College: CentreCyclopedia
  3. ↑ Natchez Trace Travel
  4. 1 2 Dale Edwyna Smith, The Slaves of Liberty: Freedom in Amite County, Mississippi, 1820-1868, 1999; Routledge, 2013, pp. 15-21
  5. 1 2 Mary Carol Miller, Lost Mansions of Mississippi, Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi, 2010, Volume II, pp. 53-56
  6. ↑ Jeremiah Chamberlain, 1850 Slave Schedule, Claiborne County, MS
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 William L. Sanders, Carved in Stone: Cemeteries of Claiborne County, Mississippi, Dorrance Publishing, 2014, pp. 11-13
  8. ↑ Mary Carol Miller, Must See Mississippi: 50 Favorite Places, Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi, 2007, p. 135
  9. ↑ Samuel J. Rogal, The American Pre-College Military School: A History and Comprehensive Catalog of Institutions, Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2009, p. 163
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