Junonia hierta

Yellow pansy
Male, Semliki Wildlife Reserve, Uganda
Female, Andhra Pradesh, India
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Nymphalidae
Genus:	Junonia
Species:	J. hierta
Binomial name
Junonia hierta (Fabricius, 1798)[1]
Synonyms
Precis hierta Papilio hierta Fabricius, 1798 Papilio lintingensis Osbeck, 1765 Junonia cebrene Trimen, 1870 Precis oenone var. cebrene ab. demaculata Neustetter, 1916 Precis oenone var. sudanica Schultze, 1920 Junonia oenone f. aeolus Stoneham, 1965 Junonia oenone f. conjuncta Stoneham, 1965 Junonia paris Trimen & Bowker, 1887

Junonia hierta, the yellow pansy, is a species of nymphalid butterfly found in the Palaeotropics. It is usually seen in open scrub and grassland habitats.

Description

The male upperside is bright yellow. The costa of the forewing has a broad triangular jet-black projection downwards at the discocellulars, and the dorsum has a triangular projection upwards near the tornus; this black margin narrows near the middle of the termen and bears on the apex two short transverse preapical white streaks crossed by the black veins. Below these is an obscure ocellus that is sometimes absent. The anterior half and the terminal margin of the hindwing is black, and the dorsum is broadly shaded with brown while the anterior black area has a large brilliant blue spot. The cilia of both forewings and hindwings are white alternated with brown.

The underside of the forewing is pale yellow. The cellis is crossed by three laterally black-margined orange-yellow bars, beyond that is a short, broad, irregular jet-black oblique band from costa to base of vein 4. The hindwing is greyish yellow, and in the dry-season its form is strongly irrorated with dusky scales. With a prominent transverse brown discal fascia, its margins are highly sinuous. There is a brownish broad shade on the middle of the termen and some obscure lunular marks on the basal area. The antennae is pale, and the head, thorax and abdomen are dark brownish black; beneath that is a dull ochraceous white.

The female is similar, although the colours are duller. The cell of the upperside forewing has a more or less complete transverse black fascia and another at the discocellulars. A blue-centred well-marked ocelli is in interspaces 2 and 5 on the disc of the forewing, and smaller ocelli in interspaces 2 and 5 on the disc of the hindwing. The forewings and hindwings have a fairly well-defined pale subterminal line, though the blue spot on the anterior black area on the hindwing is small and ill-defined; the rest is as the male. The underside is also as the male, but generally has heavier and more clearly defined markings.^[2]

Larva and pupa

The larva has a "ground-colour dark brown or grey with a broad dorsal stripe formed of minute white and blue spots, spines black." (Davidson & Aitken) The pupa is dull reddish, with an obtuse head in front. The thorax is dorsally convex and the abdomen has a dorsal and lateral row of small blackish points" (Moore) ^[2]

• 
  Caterpillar
• 
  Pupa
• 
  Mounted specimen
• 
  Underside

Distribution

This species can be found in Africa and Southeast Asia.

Subspecies

Junonia hierta hierta (Fabricius, 1798) (S. Yunnan) Junonia hierta cebrene Trimen, 1870 (Africa-drier parts, Arabia) Junonia hierta paris Trimen, 1887 (Madagascar) Junonia hierta magna? (Evans, 1926) (Sikkim) [1][3]

See also

• Nymphalidae
• List of butterflies of India

References

1. Junonia, Site of Markku Savela
2. Bingham, C.T. (1905). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma Butterflies. 1 (1st ed.). London: Taylor and Francis, Ltd.
3. Biolib