Kaō

Kaō
Kaō of Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Chinese name
Chinese	花押
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin huāyā
Japanese name
Kanji	花押
Transcriptions Romanization Kaō
Korean name
Hangul	화압
Hanja	花押
Transcriptions Revised Romanization Hwaap McCune–Reischauer Hwaap

kaōs of members of Council of Five Elders.

A kaō or huāyā is a stylized signature or a mark used in east Asia in place of a true signature.

History

Kaō first appeared in China during the Tang Dynasty, and began to be used in Japan during the Heian period.^[1] Though their use became far less widespread after the Edo period, they continue to be used even by some contemporary politicians and other famous people.^[2] The reading and identification of individual kaō often requires specialist knowledge; whole books devoted to the topic have been published.^[3]

Often used by Japanese swordsmith on sword tang (nakago).

See also

• Chinese calligraphy
• Japanese calligraphy
• Korean calligraphy
• Monogram
• Tughra, stylised Arabic signatures used by Ottoman sultans
• Khelrtva, stylised Georgian calligraphic signatures

References

1. 望月 鶴川 [Kakusen Mochizuki] (June 2005), 花押のせかい [The World of Kaō], 朝陽会 [Chōyōkai], ISBN 978-4-903059-03-7
2. 佐藤 進一 [Satō Shin'ichi] (September 2000), 花押を読む [Reading Kaō], 平凡社 [Heibonsha], ISBN 978-4-582-76367-6
3. 上島 有 [Tamotsu Kamishima] (December 2004), 中世花押の謎を解く―足利将軍家とその花押 [Cracking the Riddle of Kaō from the Middle Ages: The Ashikaga Shogunate and their Kaō], 山川出版社 [Yamakawa Shuppansha], ISBN 978-4-634-52330-2, JPNO 20717189