Keystone Lake

Keystone Lake
Location Pawnee / Osage / Creek / Tulsa counties, Oklahoma,
United States
Coordinates 36°13′50″N 96°18′18″W / 36.2306°N 96.3050°W / 36.2306; -96.3050Coordinates: 36°13′50″N 96°18′18″W / 36.2306°N 96.3050°W / 36.2306; -96.3050
Primary inflows Arkansas River
Primary outflows Arkansas River
Surface area 23,600 acres
Average depth 24 feet (average)[1]
Max. depth 73 feet[1]
Water volume 505,381 acre-feet (normal)[1]
Shore length1 330 miles [1]
Surface elevation 723 feet (normal), 706 feet (min.), 754 (max.)[1]
Settlements Mannford, Sand Springs and Tulsa, Oklahoma
1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure.

Keystone Dam & Reservoir Infobox

Country United States
Location Oklahoma Pawnee / Osage / Creek / Tulsa counties, Oklahoma
Purpose Flood control, hydroelectric power generation, wildlife management and recreation
Status Operational
Construction began 1957
Opening date 1968
Dam and spillways
Impounds Arkansas River
Length 4,600 feet
Elevation at crest 766 feet (max)
Spillways 1
Spillway type Gated ogee weir
Spillway capacity 939,000 cfs max.
Reservoir
Surface area 23,600 sq. ft.
Power station
Turbines Hydraulic (2)
Installed capacity 35,000 KW each

Keystone Lake is a reservoir in northeastern Oklahoma on the Arkansas and Cimarron rivers. It is located upstream about 23 miles (37 km) from Tulsa.[2] It was created in 1968 when the Keystone Dam was completed.[3] The primary purposes are: flood control, hydroelectric power generation, wildlife management and recreation.[4]

General description

Keystone Lake is about 23,600 acres (96 km2) in area, and was designed to contain 505,381 acre feet (623,378,000 m3) of water.[1] It was named for the community of Keystone, which existed on the site from 1900 until 1962, when it was inundated by the waters of the lake.[lower-alpha 1] Construction of the lake forced the relocation of three other towns: Mannford, Oklahoma, Prue, (also known as New Prue), and Appalachia, Oklahoma. The town of Osage was partially abandoned to the lake, while the rest clings to the south shore. Engineers built a levee around low-lying areas of the south and east sides of Cleveland, Oklahoma to prevent flooding of that city.[4] The shoreline extends for 330 miles (530 km).[4]

Two Oklahoma state parks, Keystone State Park and Walnut Creek State Park, are located along the shores of the lake offering camping, hiking and biking trails, fishing, swimming and boating opportunities.

The Keystone Lake project was authorized by the Flood Control Act of 1950. It was designed and built by the Tulsa District, Army Corps of Engineers. Construction began in January 1957 and was complete for flood control purposes in September 1964. Commercial operation of the power generating facility began in May 1968.[4]

A reregulating dam, located 7.8 miles (12.6 km) downstream of the main dam, was also completed in 1968. Cost of the total project was approximately $123 million. In 1986, the reregulating dam was removed due to public safety issues, as 16 people had drowned at the dam.[4]

Dam construction details

The dam was actually constructed across the Arkansas River, downstream of the confluence with the Cimmaron River. It is built of rolled earthfill material. Maximum height of the dam is 121 feet (37 m) above the stream bed. The total length of the dam is 4,600 feet (1,400 m), including a 1,600 feet (490 m)-long concrete section. The spillway in the concrete section is 856 feet (261 m) wide. The non-overflow part of the concrete section includes a power intake structure. State Highway 151 crosses the dam, connecting State Highway 51 on the south with U.S. Highway 64 on the north.[4]

The spillway is a gated ogee weir, 720 feet (220 m) wide with eighteen tainter gates, each 40 feet (12 m) by 35 feet (11 m). Spillway capacity at the maximum pool level (elevation 766.0 feet (233.5 m)) is 939,000 cubic feet (26,600 m3)} per second. Capacity at the top of the flood control pool level (elevation 754.0 feet (229.8 m)) is 565,000 cubic feet (16,000 m3) per second. The spillway also has nine sluices, each 5.67 feet (1.73 m) by 10 feet (3.0 m).[4]

The power intake structure is between the spillway and the left non-overflow section of the dam. It includes two penstocks, each 27 feet (8.2 m) diameter and controlled by two 14 feet (4.3 m) by 30 feet (9.1 m) gates. The power generation facility includes two hydroelectric generators, each rated at 35,000 kW.[4]

Largest release in service

In September and October 1986, Keystone Lake was filled to capacity when the remnants of Hurricane Paine entered Oklahoma and dropped nearly 22 inches (0.56 m) of water into the Cimmaron and Arkansas rivers northwest of the lake, requiring the Corps of Engineers to release water downstream at a rate of 310,000 cubic feet (8,800 m3) per second, which made downstream flooding inevitable. As a result, a private levee in West Tulsa failed, causing more than $1.3 million in damages.[5]

Recreation

text
View of Keystone Lake

According to the Corps of Engineers website, Keystone Lake has 16 recreational areas (including 3 alcohol-free beaches), 11 boat ramps, 4 marinas and 2 off-road vehicle areas. There are also campgrounds, a waterfowl refuge and a public hunting area. Keystone State Park nearby offers cabins. Fishing is popular, with the most plentiful species being striped bass, sand bass, black bass, small mouth bass, crappie, and catfish.[6] Fauna around the lake include: white-tailed deer, raccoon, bobcat, coyote, beaver, squirrel, cottontail rabbit, quail, dove, ducks and geese. Hunting and fishing licenses are regulated by Oklahoma and Federal laws.[4]

Notes

  1. ↑ The community had been given its name early in the 20th Century because it was in a key location at the confluence of th Cimarron and Arkansas Rivers.[4]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Keystone Lake, Oklahoma" Lakelubbers.com Accessed October 22, 2016
  2. ↑ http://www.travelok.com/listings/view.profile/id.4160 accessed 6-25-2010
  3. ↑ http://keystone.oktowns.com/lake_info.htm
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Keystone Lake Info." Retrieved April 22, 2012
  5. ↑ "Setting and History: Learning the Hard Way." Accessed August 23, 2012
  6. ↑ U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Tulsa District. "Keystone Lake." Accessed April 23, 2012.
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