Payne Knight Twister

Twister
1951 D-1 Knight Twister
Role Sport aircraft
National origin United States
Manufacturer Homebuilt
Designer Vernon W. Payne, Sr.
First flight 1932
Number built ca 75
Unit cost
approximately $2530 to build in 1971[1]

The Payne Knight Twister is a single-seat, single-engine aerobatic sport aircraft first flown by Vernon Payne Sr. in the United States in 1932 and marketed in plans form for homebuilding.[2][3]

Design and development

It is a conventional biplane design with slightly staggered wings of unequal span.[3] The wings are of fully cantilever design and do not require the bracing wires commonly used on biplanes or even interplane struts; however, most builders brace the wings with I-struts and at least one pair of wires.[4] The cockpit is open, and the undercarriage is of fixed, tailwheel type with divided main units.[3] The wings and horizontal stabilizer are of wooden construction, skinned in plywood, while the fuselage and vertical stabilizer are of welded steel tube covered in fabric.[5]

Payne designed the Knight Twister in 1928 while teaching aircraft design and repair at a school attached to the Aviation Service and Transport Company in Chicago.[6] Construction of a prototype by Payne and his students commenced the following year but ended shortly thereafter when the school was forced to close as a consequence of the Great Depression.[6] Payne began building a second prototype in 1931, which first flew in fall the following year powered by a Salmson 9Ad radial engine.[6] This aircraft was damaged in a forced landing due to fuel exhaustion during a demonstration flight for the press, and parts of the airframe were reused to build the second Knight Twister in 1935.[6] This machine, powered by a converted Ford Model A automobile engine, was built for an Argentine buyer[7] who eventually declined to take delivery.[6] After it had passed through several hands, Payne himself bought the aircraft back after World War II and his son, Richard, was killed in it during a test flight on which the engine failed shortly after take-off.[6]

Operational history

The Knight Twister built a reputation as a racing aircraft.[6] In 1964, Clyde Parsons flying the "Parsons Twister", won the Sport Biplane Championship race at Reno with a speed of 144.7 mph.[6][8] In the 1970s, Don Fairbanks competed with a Knight Twister preserved initially at the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America museum in Novi, Michigan,[6] and later in the lobby of Sporty's Pilot Shop at Clermont County Airport, Batavia, Ohio. Fairbanks set the world record in the sport biplane class of 178 mph (284 km/h) with this aircraft.[6]

The Knight Twister has a reputation as a "handful" to fly,[4][9] but this has been vigorously denied by both its designer[10] and by Fairbanks.[11] Both men have attributed this reputation to the controls being lighter and more responsive than those of the light aircraft that most pilots are more familiar with.

In the 1990s, the rights to the design were acquired by Steen Aero, who continue to offer plans for sale in 2009.[6]

Variants

KT-125

Data from: "Knight Twister Historical Information" (except as noted)

Specifications (KT-85)

Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1977–78, p.552

General characteristics

Performance

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

Notes

  1. ↑ Leo J. Kohn (Winter 1971). "The true cost of building your own plane". Air Trails: 63.
  2. 1 2 Taylor 1989, p.716
  3. 1 2 3 Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1977–78, p.551
  4. 1 2 Davisson 1999, p.44
  5. 1 2 3 Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1977–78, p.552
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Knight Twister Historical Information"
  7. ↑ "The New Knight Twister" 1937, p.35
  8. ↑ Philip Handleman. Air Racing Today: Heavy Iron at Reno. p. 110.
  9. ↑ Davisson 2000
  10. ↑ Payne 1985
  11. ↑ Fairbanks
  12. ↑ "Fifteen Foot Plane Flies 120 Miles An Hour" Popular Science, July 1934, rare photo of only one built
  13. ↑ "Tiny Pane Has Wingspread of Only Fifteen Feet" Popular Science, September 1936
  14. 1 2 Taylor 1989, p.717
  15. ↑ "Knight Twister Junior" 1949, p. 34
  16. ↑ "EAA Fly-In". Flying Magazine: 37. November 1960.
  17. ↑ Air Trails: 65. Winter 1971. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  18. ↑ Air Trails: 61. Winter 1971. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  19. ↑ Air Progress Homebuilt Aircraft: 28. June 1968. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  20. ↑ "UNRUH PRETTY PRAIRIE SPECIAL III – N1473V". Retrieved 16 April 2011.
  21. ↑ "Kansas Aviation Museum". Retrieved 17 April 2012.

References

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