Koito River

Coordinates: 35°21′4″N 139°51′21″E / 35.35111°N 139.85583°E

Koito River
Koito River in winter, Kimitsu, Chiba
Native name	小糸川
Country	Japan
Basin
Main source	Mount Kiyosumi, Kimitsu
River mouth	Tokyo Bay, Kimitsu 0 m (0 ft)
Basin size	148.7 km^2 (57.4 sq mi)
Physical characteristics
Length	82 km (51 mi)

The Koito River (小糸川 Koito-gawa) is a river in Futtsu and Kimitsu, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. The river is 82 kilometers (51 mi) in length and has a drainage area of 148.7 square kilometers (57.4 sq mi). The Koito is the third-longest river in Chiba Prefecture,^[1] and under the Rivers Act of 1906 the Koito is designated as a Class 2 River. The name of the river in Japanese is a combination of two kanji characters, the first meaning “little”, and the second meaning “thread”.

Geography

The Koito River originates from a deep valley in forests around Mount Kiyosumi in the Bōsō Hill Range. The river cuts through the Kazusa Hill Range,^[2] a smaller part of the Bōsō Hill Range, and in its upper part, meanders northwest. The Koito creates picturesque ravines throughout the Bōsō Hill Range, and passes by Mount Karasuba and Mount Kiyosumi.^[3] The middle and lower parts of the Koito feature fluvial terraces. Extensive land reclamation was carried out near the mouth of the river, and this land was used to build the Nippon Steel Kimitsu Works.^[4] The Kimitsu Works sits on the north bank of the Koito River where it empties in Tokyo Bay.

The Koito River has numerous narrow points along its course, and flooding has been a frequent problem. In the middle part of the river there were floods in 1996 and 2006.^[5] The Mishima Dam was built on the Koito due to prevent drought on the upper and middle parts of the river, and the Toyofusa Dam was built on the upper part on the river to prevent water shortages and supply water for industrial purposes. ^[6]

Origin of name

In the third chapter of the Gikeiki, which dates to the 14th century, the Koito River is called the "Sue River". In Kubo Tadayasu's Edo period illustrations of Kazusa Province domains in 1699 the river appears as the "Susu River", or possibly the "Sue River", of Sutō District; in its lower reaches it appears with is present-day name as the Koito River in Susai District.^[7] The current name of the river, however, appears in one work as early as 1662, and in the 'Nakatomi kyōdoshi' in 1674.^[8]

Tributaries

Upper

• Sanma River
• Shin'niyo River
• Manami River

Lower

• Egawa River
• Miyanoshita River

History

The earliest settlements in the southern part of Chiba Prefecture were via the numerous small rivers on the Bōsō Peninsula. The Koito River is associated with the Dairizuka Kofun Group in Futtsu, which was active from the 5th to 7th century. The group exhibits not only at least 47 kofun, but also excellent examples of haniwa funerary objects. The area around the mouth of the Koito River is the historical center of Chiba Prefecture’s nori seaweed industry.^[9]

Recreation

• Koito River Onsen -- onsen hot spring, Nittone District, Kimitsu
• In the upper parts of the Koito River have been designated as the Seiwa Prefectural Forest. Camping and hiking facilities have been built, as well as an artificial lake for fishing.

References

1. "Koitogawa". Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei (日本歴史地名大系 “Compendium of Japanese Historical Place Names”) (in Japanese). Tokyo: Netto Adobansusha. 2011. Retrieved 2011-12-16.
2. "Koitogawa". Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei (日本歴史地名大系 “Compendium of Japanese Historical Place Names”) (in Japanese). Tokyo: Netto Adobansusha. 2011. Retrieved 2011-12-16.
3. 小糸川流域懇談会(Japanese)
4. "Koito-gawa". Nihon Daihyakka Zensho (Nipponika) (日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ) “Encyclopedia of Japan (Nipponika)”). Tokyo: Netto Adobansusha. 2011. Retrieved 2011-12-03.
5. 小糸川流域懇談会(Japanese)
6. "Koito-gawa". Nihon Daihyakka Zensho (Nipponika) (日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ) “Encyclopedia of Japan (Nipponika)”). Tokyo: Netto Adobansusha. 2011. Retrieved 2011-12-03.
7. "Koitogawa". Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei (日本歴史地名大系 “Compendium of Japanese Historical Place Names”) (in Japanese). Tokyo: Netto Adobansusha. 2011. Retrieved 2011-12-16.
8. 小糸川の名称ルーツを求めて(Japanese)
9. "Koito-gawa". Nihon Daihyakka Zensho (Nipponika) (日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ) “Encyclopedia of Japan (Nipponika)”). Tokyo: Netto Adobansusha. 2011. Retrieved 2011-12-03.