Koszul–Tate resolution

In mathematics, a Koszul–Tate resolution or Koszul–Tate complex is a projective resolution of R/M that is an R-algebra (where R is a commutative ring and M is an ideal). They were introduced by Tate (1957) as a generalization of the Koszul complex. Friedemann Brandt, Glenn Barnich, and Marc Henneaux (2000) used the Koszul–Tate resolution to calculate BRST cohomology. The differential of this complex is called the Koszul–Tate derivation or Koszul–Tate differential.

Construction

First suppose for simplicity that all rings contain the rational numbers Q. Assume we have a graded supercommutative ring X, so that

ab = (−1)^{deg(a)deg (b)}ba,

with a differential d, with

d(ab) = d(a)b + (−1)^deg(a)ad(b)),

and x ∈ X is a homogeneous cycle (dx = 0). Then we can form a new ring

Y = X[T]

of polynomials in a variable T, where the differential is extended to T by

dT=x.

(The polynomial ring is understood in the super sense, so if T has odd degree then T² = 0.) The result of adding the element T is to kill off the element of the homology of X represented by x, and Y is still a supercommutative ring with derivation.

A Koszul–Tate resolution of R/M can be constructed as follows. We start with the commutative ring R (graded so that all elements have degree 0). Then add new variables as above of degree 1 to kill off all elements of the ideal M in the homology. Then keep on adding more and more new variables (possible an infinite number) to kill off all homology of positive degree. We end up with a supercommutative graded ring with derivation d whose homology is just R/M.

If we are not working over a field of characteristic 0, the construction above still works, but it is usually neater to use the following variation of it. Instead of using polynomial rings X[T], one can use a "polynomial ring with divided powers" X〈T〉, which has a basis of elements

T⁽ⁱ⁾ for i ≥ 0,

where

T⁽ⁱ⁾T^(j) = ((i + j)!/i!j!)T^(i+j).

Over a field of characteristic 0,

T⁽ⁱ⁾ is just Tⁱ/i!.

See also

• Lie algebra cohomology

References

• Brandt, Friedemann; Barnich, Glenn; Henneaux, Marc (2000), "Local BRST cohomology in gauge theories", Physics Reports. A Review Section of Physics Letters, 338 (5): 439–569, doi:10.1016/S0370-1573(00)00049-1, ISSN 0370-1573, MR 1792979
• Koszul, Jean-Louis (1950), "Homologie et cohomologie des algèbres de Lie", Bulletin de la Société Mathématique de France, 78: 65–127, ISSN 0037-9484, MR 0036511
• Tate, John (1957), "Homology of Noetherian rings and local rings", Illinois Journal of Mathematics, 1: 14–27, ISSN 0019-2082, MR 0086072
• M. Henneaux and C. Teitelboim, Quantization of Gauge Systems, Princeton University Press, 1992
• Verbovetsky, Alexander (2002), "Remarks on two approaches to the horizontal cohomology: compatibility complex and the Koszul–Tate resolution", Acta Applicandae Mathematicae, 72 (1): 123–131, doi:10.1023/A:1015276007463, ISSN 0167-8019, MR 1907621