Later Yan

Later Yan (後燕)
燕
384–409
Capital		Zhongshan (386-397) Longcheng (397-409)
Political structure		Empire
Emperor
•	384-396	Murong Chui
•	396-398	Murong Bao
•	398	Lan Han
•	398-401	Murong Sheng
•	401-407	Murong Xi
•	407-409	Murong Yun
History
•	Established	384
•	Establishment of Zhongshan as capital	8 February 386[1][2]
•	Murong Chui's claim of imperial title	15 February 386[2][3]
•	Evacuation of Zhongshan	27 April 397[4][5]
•	Murong Xi's death	16 September 407[6][7]
•	Disestablished	6 November 409[8][9] 409
Preceded by Succeeded by Former Qin Northern Wei Southern Yan Northern Yan

The Later Yan (simplified Chinese: 后燕; traditional Chinese: 後燕; pinyin: Hòuyàn; 384-407 or 409) was a Murong–Xianbei state, located in modern-day northeast China, during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China.^[10]

All rulers of the Later Yan declared themselves "emperors".

Rulers of the Later Yan

Temple names	Posthumous names	Family names and given name	Durations of reigns	Era names and their according durations
Chinese convention: use family name and given name
Shizu (世祖 Shìzǔ)	Wucheng (武成 Wǔchéng)	慕容垂 Mùróng Chuí	384-396	Yanwang (燕王 Yànwáng) 384-386 Jianxing (建興 Jiànxīng) 386-396
Liezong (烈宗 Lièzōng)	Huimin (惠愍 Huìmǐn)	慕容寶 Mùróng Bǎo	396-398	Yongkang (永康 Yǒngkāng) 396-398
Unknown	Unknown	蘭汗/兰汗 Lán Hàn	398	Qinglong (青龍/青龙 Qīnglóng) 398
Zhongzong (中宗 Zhōngzōng)	Zhaowu (昭武 Zhāowǔ)	慕容盛 Mùróng Shèng	398-401	Jianping (建平 Jiànpíng) 398 Changle (長樂 Chánglè) 399-401
Unknown	Zhaowen (昭文 Zhaowén)	慕容熙 Mùróng Xī	401-407	Guangshi (光始 Guāngshǐ) 401-406 Jianshi (建始 Jiànshǐ) 407
Unknown	Huiyi (惠懿 Huìyì)	慕容雲/慕容云 Mùróng Yún^1 or 高雲/高云 Gāo Yún^1	407-409	Zhengshi (正始 Zhèngshǐ) 407-409
1 The family name of Gao Yun was changed to Murong when he was adopted by the royal family. If Gao Yun was counted as a ruler of the Later Yan, the state would end in 409. It ended in 407 otherwise.

See also

• Xianbei
• List of past Chinese ethnic groups
• Wu Hu

Notes and references

1. http://www.sinica.edu.tw/ftms-bin/kiwi1/luso.sh?lstype=2&dyna=%AAF%AE%CA&king=%A7%B5%AAZ%AB%D2&reign=%A4%D3%A4%B8&yy=10&ycanzi=&mm=12&dd=&dcanzi=%A4%FE%A5%D3
2. Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 106.
3. http://www.sinica.edu.tw/ftms-bin/kiwi1/luso.sh?lstype=2&dyna=%AAF%AE%CA&king=%A7%B5%AAZ%AB%D2&reign=%A4%D3%A4%B8&yy=11&ycanzi=&mm=1&dd=1&dcanzi=
4. http://www.sinica.edu.tw/ftms-bin/kiwi1/luso.sh?lstype=2&dyna=%AAF%AE%CA&king=%A6w%AB%D2&reign=%B6%A9%A6w&yy=1&ycanzi=&mm=3&dd=&dcanzi=%A4%D0%A4l
5. Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 109.
6. http://www.sinica.edu.tw/ftms-bin/kiwi1/luso.sh?lstype=2&dyna=%AAF%AE%CA&king=%A6w%AB%D2&reign=%B8q%BA%B3&yy=3&ycanzi=&mm=7&dd=&dcanzi=%A4%FE%B1G
7. Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 114.
8. http://www.sinica.edu.tw/ftms-bin/kiwi1/luso.sh?lstype=2&dyna=%AAF%AE%CA&king=%A6w%AB%D2&reign=%B8q%BA%B3&yy=5&ycanzi=&mm=10&dd=&dcanzi=%A5%B3%A8%B0
9. Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 115.
10. Grousset, Rene (1970). The Empire of the Steppes. Rutgers University Press. p. 59. ISBN 0-8135-1304-9.