Leo I of Galicia

Leo I of Galicia

Portrait of Leo I, with Lviv in the background
King of Rus'
Reign 1269–1301
Predecessor Daniel of Galicia
Successor Yuri I of Galicia
Grand Prince of Kiev
Reign 1271–1301
Predecessor Yaroslav of Tver
Successor Ivan Vladimir
Born 1228
Died 1301
Spouse Constance of Hungary
Issue
House Rurik
Father Daniel of Galicia
Mother Anna Mstislavna Smolenskaya
The Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia (1245–1349).

Leo I of Galicia (Ukrainian: Лев Дани́лович, Lev Danylovych) (ca. 1228 – ca. 1301) was a Knyaz (prince) of Belz (1245–1264), Peremyshl, Halych (1264–1269), Grand Prince of Kiev (1271–1301) and King of Galicia-Volhynia.

He was a son of King Daniel of Galicia and his first wife, Anna Mstislavna Smolenskaya (daughter of Mstislav Mstislavich the Bold). As his father, Lev was a member of the senior branch of Vladimir II Monomakh descendents. He was a first cousin of Alexander Nevsky, as their mothers were sisters.

Reign

Lev moved his father's capital from Halych to the newly founded city of Lviv. This city was named after him by its founder, Lev's father, King Daniel of Galicia. In 1247 Lev married Constance, daughter of Béla IV of Hungary. Unlike his father, who pursued a Western political course, Lev worked closely with the Mongols and together with them invaded Poland. However, although his troops plundered territory as far west as Racibórz in Silesia, sending many captives and much booty back to Galicia, Lev did not ultimately gain much territory from Poland. Lev cultivated a particularly close alliance with the Tatar Nogai Khan. He also attempted, unsuccessfully, to establish his family's rule over Lithuania. Soon after his younger brother Shvarn ascended to the Lithuanian throne in 1267, Lev organized the murder of Grand Duke of Lithuania Vaišvilkas. Following Shvarn's loss of the throne in 1269, Lev entered into conflict with Lithuania. In 1274–1276 he fought a war with the new Lithuanian ruler Traidenis but was defeated, and Lithuania annexed the territory of Black Ruthenia with its city of Navahrudak.

In 1279, Lev allied himself with King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia and invaded Poland, although his attempt to capture Kraków in 1280 ended in failure. That same year, however, Lev defeated the Kingdom of Hungary and temporarily annexed part of Transcarpathia, including the town of Mukachevo. In 1292, he defeated Poland and added Lublin with surrounding areas to the territory of Galicia-Volhynia. At the time of Lev's death in 1301, the state of Galicia-Volhynia was at the height of its power.

Marriage and children

Lev I married Constance of Hungary, daughter of Béla IV of Hungary and Maria Laskarina. They had three children:

Ancestry

See also

Leo I of Galicia
Born: c. 1228 Died: c. 1301
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Yaroslav of Tver		 Grand Prince of Kiev
1271–1301 		Succeeded by
Ivan of Siveria
Preceded by
Shvarn		 King of Rus
1269–1301 		Succeeded by
George I of Galicia
Preceded by
Vsevolod III of Belz		 Prince of Belz
1245–1269
Preceded by
Daniel of Galicia		 Prince of Halych and Peremyshl
1264–1301

External links

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