List of Kapitan Cina

For further information, see Kapitan Cina

This is a list of individuals who held the post of Kapitan Cina, a government position that existed in colonial Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. The role came with vastly varying degrees of power, depending on historical and local circumstances: from near-sovereign authority with legal, political and military powers to an honorary title for a community leader.

Kapiteins and Majoors of Batavia (present day Jakarta)

• 1619–1644: Kapitein Souw Beng Kong, formerly Kapitan Cina of Bantam
• Kapitein Lay Soen Hie, Kapitan of Pasar Baroe, Batavia (Jakarta)
• Kapitein Lim Lak Tjo
• Kapitein Phoa Beng Gan
• Kapitein Gan Djie
• Kapitein Tjoa Hoan Giok
• Kapitein Ni Hoe Kong
• Majoor Tan Eng Goan
• Majoor Tan Tjoet Tiat
• Majoor Lie Tjoe Hong
• Majoor Tio Tek Ho
• 1910–1945: Majoor Khouw Kim An

Kapiteins & Luitenant Majoors of Bandung

• Luitenant Oei Boen Hoen
• Luitenant Tan Haij Liong
• Kapiten Tan Joen Liong

Kapiteins & Luitenant of Buitenzorg (present day Bogor)

• Kapitein Tan Oe Ko (1829-1860)
• Kapitein Tan Soey Tiong (1860-1866)
• Kapitein Phoa Tjeng Tjoan (1866-1878)
• Kapitein Tan Kong Tjan (1869-1882)
• Kapitein Tan Goan Piauw (1878-1883)
• Luitenant Thio Tian Soe (1869-1879)
• Luitenant Tan Keng Boen (1878-1879)
• Kapitan Tan Goan Pouw (1883-1891)
• Luitenant Thio Sian Lok (1879-1886)
• Luitenant Thio Sian Tjiang (1883-1886)
• Luitenant Khouw Oen Tek (1886-1889)
• Kapitein Khouw Kim Tjiang (1891-1902)
• Luitenant Tan Tjoen Hong (1891-1893)
• Luitenant Tan Tjoen Kiat (1892-1898)
• Luitenant Tan Tjoen Kie (1893-1895)
• Kapitein Oey Ban Tjie (1903-1911)
• Luitenant Thung Tjoen Ho (1895-1911)
• Luitenant Thung Tjeng Ho (1910-1913)
• Kapitein Tan Tjoen Tjiang (1912-1913)
• Luitenant Lie Tjoe Tjin (1911-1913)
• Luitenant Lie Beng Hok (1912-1913)
• Luitenant Tan Hong Joe (1913-1919)
• Luitenant Tan Hong Tay (1913-1926)
• Luitenant Tan Tjoen Lien (1914-1919)
• Luitenant Tan Hong Yoe( 1925-1934)
• Luitenant Tjan Soen Hay (1926-1934)

Kapiteins and Majoors of Surabaya

• early 1700s - 1778: Kapitein Han Bwee Kong
• 1778 - 1827: Majoor Han Chan Piet

Kapitans of Kuala Lumpur

Yap Ah Loy was a Kapitan of Kuala Lumpur and is considered the founder of the city. The title was abolished in 1902, when Yap Kwan Seng died.

• 1858–1861: Hew Siew
• 1862–1868: Liu Ngim Kong
• 1868–1885: Yap Ah Loy
• 1885–1889: Yap Ah Shak
• 1889–1902: Yap Kwan Seng

Kapitans of Johor / Major China of Johor

• 1845–1857: Tan Kee Soon (Kapitan of Tebrau)
• 1859–1869: Tan Cheng Hung (Kapitan of Tebrau)
• 1869–18xx: Seah Tee Heng (Kapitan of Sekudai)
• 1870–1875: Tan Hiok Nee (Major China)
• 1xxx–1xxx: Lim Ah Siang
• 1xxx–1917: Lin Jin He

Kapitans of Kuala Terengganu

• 1736–1820 Teo Tioh Eng
• 1782–17xx Kow Geok Seng
• 1798–1847 Lim Eng Huat
• 1810–18xx Kow Teck Lee
• 18xx–18xx Low Kian Tee
• 18xx–1899 Wee Teck Siew
• 1xxx–19xx Kow Swee Leng

Kapitans of Malacca

• 1572–1617 Tay Hong Yong @ Tay Kie Ki (鄭甲）
• 1614–1688 Li Wei King @ Li Koon Chang (李為經）
• 1662–1708 Lee Chiang Hou @ Lee Chong Kian
• 1643–1718 Chan Ki Lock @ Chan Lak Kua
• 1725–1765 Chan Hian Kway @ Chan Kwang Hwee
• 1703–1784 Tan Seng Yong
• 1748–1794 Tan Ki Hou @ Tan Siang Lian
• 1750–1802 Chua Su Cheong @ Chua Tok Ping
• 1771–1882 Chan Yew Liang @ Chan Keng Sin

Kapitans of Medan

• 1890-1911 Tjong Yong Hian (张爵干)
• 1911-1921 Tjong A Fie (张耀轩)
• Kapitein Oen Gan The

Kapitans of Penang

• 1787–1826 Kapitan China Koh Lay Huan (辜禮歡) was Kapitan China of Kedah, and appointed the first Kapitan China of Penang
• 1894–1908 Cheah Ching Hui (謝清輝）
• 1908–1918 Cheah Yong Chong (謝榮宗）

Kapitans of Perak

• 1830–18xx Tan Ah Hun (陳亞漢）
• 1875–1900 Chung Keng Quee (鄭景貴）
• 1875–1899 Chin Ah Yam @ Chin Seng Yam (陳亞炎) leader of the Ghee Hin during the Larut Wars
• 1886–1906 Khaw Boo Aun @ Khaw Ewe Kuang (許武安）
• 1930–1935 Chung Thye Phin (鄭大平) last Kapitan China of Perak and (British) Malaya

Other Kapitans China

• Tan Ah Hun, the first Capitan China of Perak circa 1850s, father of Tan Seng Poh and father-in-law of Seah Eu Chin^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]}
• Shing Kap, Capitan China of Sungei Ujong, and a Hai San headman^[13][14]
• Choa Mah Soo, Capitan China of Klias and Mempakul (circa 1869)^[15][16][17]
• Chua Su Cheong Capitan China of Dutch Malacca and father of Choa Chong Long^[18]
• Chan Yungqua, Capitan China of Malacca (18th century)^[19]
• Ah Poh, Capitan China of Lipis
• Seah Tye Heng, Capitan China of Sekudai, Johore^[20]
• Lieu Chin-Fu, Capitan China of Pulai was the last Capitan China of Kelantan^[21]
• Tan How Seng, Capitan China of Singapore^[22]
• Li Kap or Li Kup or Lee Wei King, Capitan China of Dutch Malacca, founder of the Cheng Hoon Teng temple there and the person who donated Bukit China for use as a Chinese burial ground^[23][24]
• Wee Sin Hee, Capitan China of Terengganu^[25]
• Tin Kap or Tay Kap, Capitan China of Portuguese Malacca, said to have been the only Capitan China appointed by the Portuguese^{[26][27][28][29][30][31]}
• Baba Seng, Capitan China of Kedah in the 1820s^[32]
• Chan Ki Lock or Chan Kup, Capitan China of Dutch Malacca circa 1704^[33]
• Khaw Boo Aun^[34]
• Dato' Chua Tuah Soon (Chinese: 蔡大孫; pinyin: Cài Dà Sūn)
• WEE, Hee Hoon (D: 17 March 1922 at 46 yrs of age, leaving a widow and seven children), Kapitan China of Bagan Si Api Api (Indonesia)^[35]
• OEY, Teng Kiang (Murdered 17 September 1924), Kapitan China of Palembang (Indonesia).^[36]
• KOH, Kim Hin (husband of Mrs Anne Tan-Koh who died at 79 yrs of age in 1966, and father of Bishop Roland Koh), Kapitan China of Sandakan (East Malaysia).^[37]
• OEI, Leong Tan, Kapitan China of Bengkalis.^[38]
• LEE, Lei Kam, Kapitan China of Perlis.^[39]
• ONG, Boon Pang, Kapitan China of Brunei.^[40]
• PANG, Boon Ting, Pehin Kapitan China Kornia Diraja of Brunei
• Tam Yong (father of towkay Tan Yee Man), Kapitan China of Seremban.^[41]
• Lee Sam, Kapitan China of Seremban.^[42]
• LIEM, Ah Pat, Capitan China of Muntok was decorated by the Dutch Government in 1910.^[43]
• KHOO Cheow Teong, (Justice of the Peace and father of Khoo Sian Ewe), Kapitan China of Asahan.^[44]
• WEE, Chim Yean (Died 13 August 1926 leaving four sons and four daughters), Kapitan China of Bengkalis.^[45][46]
• KO, Kim Yeo, Kapitan China of Batavia.^[47]
• WEE, Boon Teng (Born in Singapore in 1864. Educated at Lye Fatt English School. Appointed Lieutenant China of Selat Panjang on the Sumatra east coast in 1890. Promoted to Capitan China in 1915 and awarded the Dutch colonial gold medal. Promoted to Majoor in 1925 prior to his retirement), Kapitan China of Selat Panjang.^[48]

References

1. A social history of the Chinese in Singapore and Malaya, 1800-1911 - Page 232
2. A Gallery of Chinese Kapitans, CS Wong
3. A portrait of Malaysia and Singapore - Page 77
4. Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Volume 68 - Page 34
5. Triad and Tabut: a survey of the origin and diffusion of Chinese and ... - Page 350
6. The Straits Settlements, 1826-67: Indian presidency to crown colony - Page 259
7. Wong Ah Fook: immigrant, builder, and entrepreneur - Page 85
8. Singapore: wealth, power and the culture of control - Page 49
9. The Western Malay States, 1850-1873: the effects of commercial development ... - Page 35
10. One hundred years' history of the Chinese in Singapore - Page 21
11. A social history of the Chinese in Singapore and Malaya, 1800-1911 - Page 267
12. Toponymics: a study of Singapore street names - Page 345
13. Chinese secret societies in Malaya: a survey of the Triad Society from 1800 ... - Page 206
14. Chinese epigraphic materials in Malaysia - Page 452
15. Studies in the Social History of China and South-east Asia - Page 36
16. Pope-Hennesy to C.O., 13 October 1869. Co. 144/20. To F.O., 1 September 1869. F.O. 12/34B. To Lord Knutsford, 25 May 1888. C.O. 133/66
17. The Sarawak Museum journal - Page 9, 1963
18. The Eastern seas: or, Voyages and adventures in the Indian Archipelago, in ... - Page 363
19. European commercial expansion in early modern Asia - Page 273
20. Opium and empire: Chinese society in Colonial Singapore, 1800-1910 - Page 195
21. Kelantan zaman awal: kajian arkeologi dan sejarah di Malaysia By Hassan Shuhaimi bin Nik Abd. Rahman, 1987, Pg 227
22. Ethnic Chinese in Singapore and Malaysia: a dialogue between tradition and modernity by Leo Suryadinata, 2002, Pg 86
23. The cultural melting pot By Robert Sin Nyen Tan, 1991, Page 85
24. Rites of belonging: memory, modernity, and identity in a Malaysian Chinese ... By Jean Elizabeth DeBernardi Page 27
25. Growing Up in Trengganu By Awang Goneng by Monsoon Books, 2007, Page 161
26. Reconstructing identities: a social history of the Babas in Singapore by Jürgen Rudolph - Page 149
27. The Baba of Melaka: culture and identity of a Chinese peranakan community in ... - Page 64
28. The Portuguese Missions in Malacca and Singapore (1511-1958): Malacca - Page 317
29. Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Volumes 11-12, 1933, - Page 1
30. Wong, 1963: 1-2, Studies in ASEAN sociology: urban society and social change - Page 232
31. Historical Sabah: The Chinese by Danny Tze-Ken Wong, 2005 - Page 57
32. Wong C.S., 1963, p. 47, Reconstructing identities: a social history of the Babas in Singapore By Jürgen Rudolph, Page 38
33. See historical Malacca in one day - Page 18 by Marcus Scott-Ross - History - 1973
34. The overseas Chinese and the 1911 revolution, with special reference to Singapore and Malaya by Yen Ching Hwang, Qinghuang Yan, 1976, Pg 182
35. The Straits Times 20 March 1922, Page 8
36. The Straits Times, 29 September 1924, Page 10
37. The Straits Times, 25 August 1966, Page 10
38. The Straits Times, 28 July 1914, Page 9
39. The Straits Times, 5 April 1965, Page 11
40. The Straits Times, 25 April 1948, Page 7
41. The Straits Times, 2 May 1933, Page 12
42. The Straits Times, 7 August 1949, Page 4
43. Weekly Sun, 15 October 1910, Page 4
44. The Straits Times, 16 August 1917, Page 6.
45. The Strtaits Times, 16 August 1926, Page 7
46. The Straits Times, 14 August 1926, Page 8
47. The Straits Times, 13 July 1909, Page 7
48. The Straits Times, 30 May 1937, Page 9

Bibliography

• Trocki, Carl A. (1979), Prince of Pirates: The Temenggongs and the Development of Johor and Singapore 1784-1885 (2nd ed.), NUS Press (published 2007), p. 130, ISBN 978-9971-69-376-3 External link in |publisher= (help)
• Hwang, In-Won (2003). Personalized Politics: The Malaysian State Under Matahtir. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 981-230-185-2
• Lohanda, Mona (1996). The Kapitan Cina of Batavia, 1837-1942. Jakarta: Djambatan. ISBN 979-428-257-X.
• Ooi, Keat Gin (2004). Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, From Angkor Wat to East Timor. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1-57607-770-5

External links

• Chinese Kapitans of Malacca