List of endangered languages of the Pacific
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This is a list of endangered languages of the Pacific, based on the definitions used by UNESCO.
An endangered language is a language that it is at risk of falling out of use because there is little transmission of the language to younger generations. If a language loses all of its native speakers, it becomes an extinct language.
Australia
Main article: List of Australian Aboriginal languages
Federated States of Micronesia
Main article: Micronesian languages
| Language | Speakers | Status | Comments | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kapingamarangi language[1] | Severely endangered | |||
| Kosraean language[1] | Severely endangered | Micronesia & Nauru | ||
| Mokilese language[1] | Critically endangered | |||
| Mortlockese language, Mortlockese[1] | Definitely endangered | |||
| Namonuito language, Namonuito[1] | Severely endangered | |||
| Ngatikese Men's Creole language, Ngatikese Men's Creole[1] | Definitely endangered | |||
| Nukuoro language, Nukuoro[1] | Definitely endangered | |||
| Nguluwan language | ||||
| Paafang language, Paafang[1] | Severely endangered | |||
| Pingelapese language, Pingelapese[1] | Severely endangered | |||
| Puluwat language, Puluwat[1] | Severely endangered | |||
| Satawal language, Satawal[1] | Severely endangered | |||
| Ulithian language, Ulithian[1] | Severely endangered | |||
| Woleaian language, Woleaian[1] | Severely endangered | |||
Indonesia
Main articles: Languages of Indonesia and List of endangered languages in Indonesia
The UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger lists 88 endangered languages in Indonesia.
Melanesia
New Caledonia
Main article: Languages of New Caledonia
The following languages of New Caledonia may be considered endangered.
| Language | Speakers | Status | Comments | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arha language[1] | 35 | Critically endangered | Arhâ language | (1996 census) |
| Arho language[1] | Critically endangered | |||
| Caac language[1] | Vulnerable | |||
| Drubea language[1] | Vulnerable | |||
| Fagauvea language (Northern)[1] | Vulnerable | |||
| Fagauvea language (Southern)[1] | Vulnerable | |||
| Fwâi language[1] | Vulnerable | |||
| Jawe language[1] | Vulnerable | |||
| Kumak language[1] | Vulnerable | |||
| Neku language[1] | Severely endangered | |||
| Nemi language[1] | Definitely endangered | |||
| Orowe language[1] | Definitely endangered | |||
| Pije language[1] | Severely endangered | |||
| Pwaamèi language[1] | Definitely endangered | |||
| Pwapwa language[1] | Severely endangered | |||
| Tiri language[1] | Definitely endangered | |||
| Voh-Koné dialects[1] | Definitely endangered | |||
| Xaragure language[1] | Vulnerable | |||
Papua New Guinea
Main articles: Languages of Papua New Guinea and List of endangered languages in Papua New Guinea
Solomon Islands
| Language | Speakers | Status | Comments | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asumboa language[1] | Severely endangered | |||
| Blablanga language[1] | Definitely endangered | |||
| Faghani language[1] | Vulnerable | |||
| Gao language[1] | Vulnerable | |||
| Hoava language[1] | Vulnerable | |||
| Kokota language[1] | Vulnerable | |||
| Oroha language[1] | Severely endangered | |||
| Ririo language[1] | Critically endangered | |||
| Savo language[1] | Definitely endangered | |||
| Tanema language[1] | Critically endangered | |||
| Tanimbili language[1] | Severely endangered | |||
| Teanu language[1] | Definitely endangered | |||
| Vano language[1] | Critically endangered | |||
| Zazao language[1] | Critically endangered | |||
Vanuatu
Main article: Languages of Vanuatu
| Language | Speakers | Status | Comments | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amblong language[1] | Definitely endangered | |||
| Araki language[1] | Critically endangered | |||
| Aveteian language[1] | Critically endangered | |||
| Baki language[1] | Vulnerable | |||
| Bangsa language[1] | Critically endangered | |||
| Bierebo language[1] | Vulnerable | |||
| Bieria language[1] | Critically endangered | |||
| Dorig language[1] | Definitely endangered | |||
| Emae language[1] | Vulnerable | |||
| Hiw language[1] | 280 | Definitely endangered | (2010 A.François) | |
| Koro language[1] | Definitely endangered | |||
| Labo language[1] | Vulnerable | |||
| Lakon language[1] | Vulnerable | |||
| Lehali language[1] | Vulnerable | |||
| Lemerig language[1] | Critically endangered | |||
| Lorediakarkar language[1] | Critically endangered | |||
| Löyöp language[1] | 240 | Vulnerable | Lehalurup | (2010 A.François) |
| Mafea language[1] | Definitely endangered | |||
| Malmariv language[1] | Vulnerable | |||
| Matanvat language[1] | Critically endangered | |||
| Mores language[1] | Severely endangered | |||
| Mwesen language[1] | Critically endangered | |||
| Naati language (Näti)[1] | Critically endangered | |||
| Naman language[1] | Critically endangered | |||
| Nasarian language[1] | 20 | Critically endangered | (1983 SIL) | |
| Navwien language[1] | Critically endangered | |||
| Nisvai language[1] | Critically endangered | |||
| Nivat language[1] | Critically endangered | |||
| Niviar language[1] | Critically endangered | |||
| Olrat language[1] | Critically endangered | |||
| Polonomombauk language[1] | Definitely endangered | |||
| Repanbitip language[1] | Definitely endangered | |||
| Shark Bay language[1] | Vulnerable | |||
| Ske language[1] | Severely endangered | |||
| Sorsorian language (Sösörian)[1] | Critically endangered | |||
| Sowa language[1] | Critically endangered | |||
| Tambotalo language[1] | 50 | Severely endangered | (1983 SIL) | |
| Tape language[1] | Critically endangered | |||
| Tolomako language[1] | Definitely endangered | |||
| Tutuba language[1] | Definitely endangered | |||
| Umbrul language (Numbuwul)[1] | Critically endangered | |||
| Ura language[1] | 6 | Critically endangered | (1998 T Crowley) | |
| Vera'a language[1] | Definitely endangered | |||
| Volow language[1] | Critically endangered | |||
Palau
| Language | Speakers | Source | Status | Ethnologue entry (ISO 639-3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tobian language | 22 (1995 SIL) | UNESCO | critically | |
| Sonsorolese language | 600 | UNESCO | severely | |
Polynesia
The following Polynesian languages are considered endangered.
| Language | Speakers | Status | Ethnologue entry (ISO 639-3)[1] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rapa language (French Polynesia)[1] | |||
| Rapa Nui language (Chile)[1] | |||
| Niuafo'ou language (Tonga)[1] | |||
| Kapingamarangi language (Micronesia)[1] | |||
| Nukumanu language (Papua New Guinea, Nukumanu Islands)[1] | |||
| Nukuoro language (Micronesia)[1] | |||
| Nukuria language (Papua New Guinea)[1] | |||
| Ontong Java language (Solomon Islands)[1] | |||
| Sikaiana language (Solomon Islands)[1] | |||
| Takuu language (Papua New Guinea)[1] | |||
| Tuvaluan language (Tuvalu)[1] | |||
| Anuta language (Solomon Islands)[1] | |||
| Emae language (Vanuatu)[1] | |||
| Futunan language (Wallis and Futuna)[1] | |||
| Futuna-Aniwa language (Vanuatu)[1] | |||
| Mele-Fila language (Vanuatu)[1] | |||
| Rennell-Bellona language (Solomon Islands)[1] | |||
| Tikopia language (Solomon Islands)[1] | |||
| West Uvean language (New Caledonia)[1] | |||
| Vaeakau-Taumako language (Solomon Islands)[1] | |||
| Pukapuka language (Cook Islands)[1] | |||
| Penrhyn language (Cook Islands)[1] | |||
| Tokelauan language (Tokelau)[1] | |||
| Niuean language (Niue)[1] | |||
Other
| Language | Location | Speakers | Status | Comments | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austral language[1] | French Polynesia | Definitely endangered | |||
| Chamorro language[1] | Guam/Northern Mariana Islands | Vulnerable | |||
| Mangareva language[1] | French Polynesia | Severely endangered | |||
| Rakahanga-Manihiki language[1] | Cook Islands | Definitely endangered | |||
| Nauruan language[1] | Nauru | Severely endangered | |||
| Niuean language[1] | Niue | Definitely endangered | |||
| Norfuk language (Norfolk)[1] | Norfolk Island | Definitely endangered | |||
| Norfuk language (Pitcairn)[1] | Pitcairn | Vulnerable | |||
| Penrhyn language[1] | Cook Islands | Severely endangered | |||
| Pukapukan language[1] | Cook Islands | Definitely endangered | |||
| Rapa language[1] | French Polynesia | Severely endangered | |||
| Cook Islands Māori [1] | Cook Islands | Vulnerable | Rarotongan language | ||
| Rotuman language[1] | Fiji | Vulnerable | |||
| Tokelauan language[1] | Tokelau | Severely endangered | |||
| Tuamotuan language[1] | French Polynesia | Definitely endangered | |||
| Tuvaluan language[1] | Tuvalu | Definitely endangered | |||
| Hawaiian language[1] | Hawai'i | Definitely endangered | |||
Notes
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 Moseley, Christopher, ed. (2010). Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger. Memory of Peoples (3rd ed.). Paris: UNESCO Publishing. ISBN 978-92-3-104096-2. Retrieved 2015-04-11.
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