List of hyperaccumulators

This article covers known hyperaccumulators, accumulators or species tolerant to the following: Aluminium (Al), Silver (Ag), Arsenic (As), Beryllium (Be), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Mercury (Hg), Molybdenum (Mo), Naphthalene, Lead (Pb), Palladium (Pd), Platinum (Pt), Selenium (Se) and Zinc (Zn).

See also:

• Hyperaccumulators table – 2 : Nickel
• Hyperaccumulators table – 3 : Cd, Cs, Co, Pu, Ra, Sr, U, radionuclides, hydrocarbons, organic solvents, etc.

Hyperaccumulators table – 1

hyperaccumulators and contaminants : Al, Ag, As, Be, Cr, Cu, Mn, Hg, Mo, naphthalene, Pb, Pd, Pt, Se, Zn – accumulation rates

Contaminant	Accumulation rates (in mg/kg dry weight)	Binomial name	English name	H-Hyperaccumulator or A-Accumulator P-Precipitator T-Tolerant	Notes	Sources
Al-Aluminium	A-	Agrostis castellana	Highland Bent Grass	As(A), Mn(A), Pb(A), Zn(A)	Origin Portugal.	[1]
Al - Aluminium	1000	Hordeum vulgare	Barley	xxx	25 records of plants.	[2][3]
Al - Aluminium	xxx	Hydrangea spp.	Hydrangea (a.k.a. Hortensia)	xxx	xxx	xxx
Al - Aluminium	Al concentrations in young leaves, mature leaves, old leaves, and roots were found to be 8.0, 9.2, 14.4, and 10.1 mg g1, respectively.[4]	Melastoma malabathricum L.	Blue Tongue, or Native Lassiandra	P competes with aluminium and reduces uptake.[5]	xxx	xxx
Al-Aluminium	xxx	Solidago hispida (Solidago canadensis L.)	Hairy Goldenrod	xxx	Origin Canada.	[2][3]
Al-Aluminium	100	Vicia faba	Horse Bean	xxx	xxx	[2][3]
Ag-Silver	xxx	Brassica napus	Rapeseed plant	Cr, Hg, Pb, Se, Zn	Phytoextraction	[6][7]
Ag-Silver	xxx	Salix spp.	Osier spp.	Cr, Hg, Se, Petroleum hydrocarbures, Organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products;[7] Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalix);[8] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.)[9]	Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes)	[7]
Ag-Silver	xxx	Amanita strobiliformis	European Pine Cone Lepidella	Ag(H)	Macrofungi, Basidiomycete. Known from Europe, prefers calcareous areas	[10]
Ag-Silver	10-1200	Brassica juncea	Indian Mustard	Ag(H)	Can form alloys of silver-gold-copper	[11]
As-Arsenic	100	Agrostis capillaris L.	Common Bent Grass, Browntop. (= A. tenuris)	Al(A), Mn(A), Pb(A), Zn(A)	xxx	[3]
As-Arsenic	H-	Agrostis castellana	Highland Bent Grass	Al(A), Mn(A), Pb(A), Zn(A)	Origin Portugal.	[1]
As-Arsenic	1000	Agrostis tenerrima Trin.	Colonial bentgrass	xxx	4 records of plants	[3][12]
As-Arsenic	27,000 (fronds)[13]	Pteris vittata L.	Ladder brake fern or Chinese brake fern	26% of arsenic in the soil removed after 20 weeks' plantation, about 90% As accumulated in fronds.[14]	Root extracts reduce arsenate to arsenite.[15]	xxx
As-Arsenic	100-7000	Sarcosphaera coronaria	pink crown, violet crown-cup, or violet star cup	As(H)	Ectomycorrhizal ascomycete, known from Europe	Stijve et al., 1990, in Persoonia 14(2): 161-166, Borovička 2004 in Mykologický Sborník 81: 97-99.
Be-Beryllium	xxx	xxx	xxx	xxx	No reports found for accumulation	[3]
Cr-Chromium	xxx	Azolla spp.	mosquito fern, duckweed fern, fairy moss, water fern	xxx	xxx	[3][16]
Cr-Chromium	H-	Bacopa monnieri	Smooth Water Hyssop, Waterhyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiola, Water hyssop	Cd(H), Cu(H), Hg(A), Pb(A)	Origin India. Aquatic emergent species.	[1][17]
Cr-Chromium	xxx	Brassica juncea L.	Indian mustard	Cd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A), Zn(H)	Cultivated in agriculture.	[1][7][18]
Cr-Chromium	xxx	Brassica napus	Rapeseed plant	Ag, Hg, Pb, Se, Zn	Phytoextraction	[6][7]
Cr-Chromium	A-	Vallisneria americana	Tape Grass	Cd(H), Pb(H)	Native to Europe and North Africa. Widely cultivated in the aquarium trade.	[1]
Cr-Chromium	1000	Dicoma niccolifera	xxx	xxx	35 records of plants	[3]
Cr-Chromium	roots naturally absorb pollutants, some organic compounds believed to be carcinogenic,[19] in concentrations 10,000 times that in the surrounding water.[20]	Eichhornia crassipes	Water Hyacinth	Cd(H), Cu(A), Hg(H),[19] Pb(H),[19] Zn(A). Also Cs, Sr, U,[19][21] and pesticides.[22]	Pantropical/Subtropical. Plants sprayed with 2,4-D may accumulate lethal doses of nitrates.[23] 'The troublesome weed' – hence an excellent source of bioenergy.[19]	[1]
Cr-Chromium	xxx	Helianthus annuus	Sunflower	xxx	Phytoextraction et rhizofiltration	[1][7]
Cr-Chromium	A-	Hydrilla verticillata	Hydrilla	Cd(H) Hg(H), Pb(H)	xxx	[1]
Cr-Chromium	xxx	Medicago sativa	Alfalfa	xxx	xxx	[3][24]
Cr-Chromium	xxx	Pistia stratiotes	Water lettuce	Cd(T), Hg(H), Cr(H), Cu(T)	xxx	[1][3][25]
Cr-Chromium	xxx	Salix spp.	Osier spp.	Ag, Hg, Se, Petroleum hydrocarbures, Organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products;[7] Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalix);[8] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.)[9]	Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes)	[7]
Cr-Chromium	xxx	Salvinia molesta	Kariba weeds or water ferns	Cr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A)	xxx	[1][3][26]
Cr-Chromium	xxx	Spirodela polyrhiza	Giant Duckweed	Cd(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A)	Native to North America.	[1][3][26]
Cr-Chromium	100	Jamesbrittenia fodina (Wild) Hilliard (a.k.a. Sutera fodina Wild)	xxx	xxx	xxx	[3][27][28]
Cr-Chromium	A-	Thlaspi caerulescens	Alpine Pennycress, Alpine Pennygrass	Cd(H), Co(H), Cu(H), Mo, Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(H)	Phytoextraction. T. caerulescens may acidify its rhizosphere, which would affect metal uptake by increasing available metals[29]	[1][3][7][30][31][32]
Cu-Copper	9000	Aeolanthus biformifolius	xxx	xxx	xxx	[33]
Cu-Copper	xxx	Athyrium yokoscense	(Japanese false spleenwort?)	Cd(A), Pb(H), Zn(H)	Origin Japan.	[1]
Cu-Copper	A-	Azolla filiculoides	Pacific mosquitofern	Ni(A), Pb(A), Mn(A)	Origin Africa. Floating plant.	[1]
Cu-Copper	H-	Bacopa monnieri	Smooth Water Hyssop, Waterhyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiola, Water hyssop	Cd(H), Cr(H), Hg(A), Pb(A)	Origin India. Aquatic emergent species.	[1][17]
Cu-Copper	xxx	Brassica juncea L.	Indian mustard	Cd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A), Zn(H)	cultivated	[1][7][18]
Cu-Copper	H-	Vallisneria americana	Tape Grass	Cd(H), Cr(A), Pb(H)	Native to Europe and North Africa. Widely cultivated in the aquarium trade.	[1]
Cu-Copper	xxx	Eichhornia crassipes	Water Hyacinth	Cd(H), Cr(A), Hg(H), Pb(H), Zn(A), Also Cs, Sr, U,[21] and pesticides.[22]	Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'.	[1]
Cu-Copper	1000	Haumaniastrum robertii (Lamiaceae)	Copper flower	xxx	27 records of plants. Origin Africa. This species' phanerogam has the highest cobalt content. Its distribution could be governed by cobalt rather than copper.[34]	[3][31]
Cu-Copper	xxx	Helianthus annuus	Sunflower	xxx	Phytoextraction with rhizofiltration	[1][31]
Cu-Copper	1000	Larrea tridentata	Creosote Bush	xxx	67 records of plants. Origin U.S.	[3][31]
Cu-Copper	H-	Lemna minor	Duckweed	Pb(H), Cd(H), Zn(A)	Native to North America and widespread worldwide.	[1]
Cu-Copper	xxx	Ocimum centraliafricanum	Copper plant	Cu(T), Ni(T)	Origin Southern Africa	[35]
Cu-Copper	T-	Pistia stratiotes	Water Lettuce	Cd(T), Hg(H), Cr(H)	Pantropical. Origin South U.S.A. Aquatic herb.	[1]
Cu-Copper	xxx	Thlaspi caerulescens	Alpine pennycress, Alpine Pennycress, Alpine Pennygrass	Cd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Mo, Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(H)	Phytoextraction. Copper noticeably limits its growth.[32]	[1][3][7][29][30][31][32]
Mn-Manganese	A-	Agrostis castellana	Highland Bent Grass	Al(A), As(A), Pb(A), Zn(A)	Origin Portugal.	[1]
Mn-Manganese	xxx	Azolla filiculoides	Pacific mosquitofern	Cu(A), Ni(A), Pb(A)	Origin Africa. Floating plant.	[1]
Mn-Manganese	xxx	Brassica juncea L.	Indian mustard	xxx	xxx	[7][18]
Mn-Manganese	xxx	Helianthus annuus	Sunflower	xxx	Phytoextraction et rhizofiltration	[7]
Mn-Manganese	1000	Macadamia neurophylla (now Virotia neurophylla (Guillaumin) P. H. Weston & A. R. Mast)	xxx	xxx	28 records of plants	[3][36]
Mn-Manganese	200	xxx	xxx	xxx	xxx	[3]
Hg-Mercury	A-	Bacopa monnieri	Smooth Water Hyssop, Waterhyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiola, Water hyssop	Cd(H), Cr(H), Cu(H), Hg(A), Pb(A)	Origin India. Aquatic emergent species.	[1][17]
Hg-Mercury	xxx	Brassica napus	Rapeseed plant	Ag, Cr, Pb, Se, Zn	Phytoextraction	[6][7]
Hg-Mercury	xxx	Eichhornia crassipes	Water Hyacinth	Cd(H), Cr(A), Cu(A), Pb(H), Zn(A)Also Cs, Sr, U,[21] and pesticides.[22]	Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'.	[1]
Hg-Mercury	H-	Hydrilla verticillata	Hydrilla	Cd(H), Cr(A), Pb(H)	xxx	[1]
Hg-Mercury	1000	Pistia stratiotes	Water lettuce	Cd(T), Cr(H), Cu(T)	35 records of plants	[1][3][31][37]
Hg-Mercury	xxx	Salix spp.	Osier spp.	Ag, Cr, Se, Petroleum hydrocarbures, Organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products;[7] Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalix);[8] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.)[9]	Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes)	[7]
Mo-molybdenum	1500	Thlaspi caerulescens (Brassicaceae)	Alpine pennycress	Cd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(H)	phytoextraction	[1][3][7][29][30][31][32]
naphthalene	xxx	Festuca arundinacea	Tall Fescue	xxx	Increases catabolic genes and the mineralization of naphthalene.	[38]
naphthalene	xxx	Trifolium hirtum	Pink clover, rose clover	xxx	Decreases catabolic genes and the mineralization of naphthalene.	[38]
Pb-Lead	A-	Agrostis castellana	'Highland Bent Grass	Al(A), As(H), Mn(A), Zn(A)	Origin Portugal.	[1]
Pb-Lead	xxx	Ambrosia artemisiifolia	Ragweed	xxx	xxx	[6]
Pb-Lead	xxx	Armeria maritima	Seapink Thrift	xxx	xxx	[6]
Pb-Lead	xxx	Athyrium yokoscense	(Japanese false spleenwort?)	Cd(A), Cu(H), Zn(H)	Origin Japan.	[1]
Pb-Lead	A-	Azolla filiculoides	Pacific mosquitofern	Cu(A), Ni(A), Mn(A)	Origin Africa. Floating plant.	[1]
Pb-Lead	A-	Bacopa monnieri	Smooth Water Hyssop, Waterhyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiola, Water hyssop	Cd(H), Cr(H), Cu(H), Hg(A)	Origin India. Aquatic emergent species.	[1][17]
Pb-Lead	H-	Brassica juncea	Indian mustard	Cd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A), Zn(H)	79 recorded plants. Phytoextraction	[1][3][6][7][18][29][31][32][39]
Pb-Lead	xxx	Brassica napus	Rapeseed plant	Ag, Cr, Hg, Se, Zn	Phytoextraction	[6][7]
Pb-Lead	xxx	Brassica oleracea	Ornemental Kale et Cabbage, Broccoli	xxx	xxx	[6]
Pb-Lead	H-	Vallisneria americana	Tape Grass	Cd(H), Cr(A), Cu(H)	Native to Europe and North Africa. Widely cultivated in the aquarium trade.	[1]
Pb-Lead	xxx	Eichhornia crassipes	Water Hyacinth	Cd(H), Cr(A), Cu(A), Hg(H), Zn(A). Also Cs, Sr, U,[21] and pesticides.[22]	Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'.	[1]
Pb-Lead	xxx	Festuca ovina	Blue Sheep Fescue	xxx	xxx	[6]
Pb-Lead	xxx	Helianthus annuus	Sunflower	xxx	Phytoextraction et rhizofiltration	[1][6][7][8][39]
Pb-Lead	H-	Hydrilla verticillata	Hydrilla	Cd(H), Cr(A), Hg(H)	xxx	[1]
Pb-Lead	H-	Lemna minor	Duckweed	Cd(H), Cu(H), Zn(H)	Native to North America and widespread worldwide.	[1]
Pb-Lead	xxx	Salix viminalis	Common Osier	Cd, U, Zn;[8] Ag, Cr, Hg, Se, Petroleum hydrocarbures, Organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products (S. spp.);[7] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.)[9]	Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes)	[8]
Pb-Lead	H-	Salvinia molesta	Kariba weeds or water ferns	Cr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A)	Origin India.	[1]
Pb-Lead	xxx	Spirodela polyrhiza	Giant Duckweed	Cd(H), Cr(H), Ni(H), Zn(A)	Native to North America.	[1][3][26]
Pb-Lead	xxx	Thlaspi caerulescens (Brassicaceae)	Alpine pennycress, Alpine Pennycress, Alpine Pennygrass	Cd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Cu(H), Mo(H), Ni(H), Zn(H)	Phytoextraction.	[1][3][7][29][30][31][32]
Pb-Lead	xxx	Thlaspi rotundifolium	Round-leaved Pennycress	xxx	xxx	[6]
Pb-Lead	xxx	Triticum aestivum	Common Wheat	xxx	xxx	[6]
Pb-Lead	A-200	xxx	xxx	xxx	xxx	[3]
Pd-Palladium	xxx	xxx	xxx	xxx	No reports found for accumulation.	[3]
Pt-Platinum	xxx	xxx	xxx	xxx	No reports found for accumulation.	[3]
Se-Selenium	.012-20	Amanita muscaria	Fly agaric	xxx	Cap contains higher concentrations than stalks[40]	xxx
Se-Selenium	xxx	Brassica juncea	Indian mustard	xxx	Rhizosphere bacteria enhance accumulation.[41]	[7]
Se-Selenium	xxx	Brassica napus	Rapeseed plant	Ag, Cr, Hg, Pb, Zn	Phytoextraction.	[6][7]
Se-Selenium	Low rates of Se volatilization from selenate-supplied Muskgrass (10-fold less than from selenite) may be due to a major rate limitation in the reduction of selenate to organic forms of Se in Muskgrass.	Chara canescens Desv. & Lois	Muskgrass	xxx	Muskgrass treated with selenite contains 91% of the total Se in organic forms (selenoethers and diselenides), compared with 47% in Muskgrass treated with selenate.[42] 1.9% of the total Se input is accumulated in its tissues; 0.5% is removed via biological volatilization.[43]	[44]
Se-Selenium	xxx	Bassia scoparia (a.k.a. Kochia scoparia)	burningbush, ragweed, summer cypress, fireball, belvedere and Mexican firebrush, Mexican fireweed	U,[8] Cr, Pb, Hg, Ag, Zn	Perchlorate (wetland halophytes). Phytoextraction.	[1][7]
Se-Selenium	xxx	Salix spp.	Osier spp.	Ag, Cr, Hg, Petroleum hydrocarbures, Organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products;[7] Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalis);[8] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.)[9]	Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes).	[7]
Zn-Zinc	A-	Agrostis castellana	Highland Bent Grass	Al(A), As(H), Mn(A), Pb(A)	Origin Portugal.	[1]
Zn-Zinc	xxx	Athyrium yokoscense	(Japanese false spleenwort?)	Cd(A), Cu(H), Pb(H)	Origin Japan.	[1]
Zn-Zinc	xxx	Brassicaceae	Mustards, mustard flowers, crucifers or cabbage family	Hyperaccumulators: Cd, Cs, Ni, Sr	Phytoextraction.	[7]
Zn-Zinc	xxx	Brassica juncea L.	Indian mustard	Cd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A).	Larvae of Pieris brassicae do not even sample its high-Zn leaves. (Pollard and Baker, 1997)	[1][7][18]
Zn-Zinc	xxx	Brassica napus	Rapeseed plant	Ag, Cr, Hg, Pb, Se	Phytoextraction	[6][7]
Zn-Zinc	xxx	Helianthus annuus	Sunflower	xxx	Phytoextraction et rhizofiltration.	[7][8]
Zn-Zinc	xxx	Eichhornia crassipes	Water Hyacinth	Cd(H), Cr(A), Cu(A), Hg(H), Pb(H)Also Cs, Sr, U,[21] and pesticides.[22]	Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'.	[1]
Zn-Zinc	xxx	Salix viminalis	Common Osier	Ag, Cr, Hg, Se, Petroleum hydrocarbons, Organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products;[7] Cd, Pb, U (S. viminalis);[8] Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.)[9]	Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes).	[8]
Zn-Zinc	A-	Salvinia molesta	Kariba weeds or water ferns	Cr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A)	Origin India.	[1]
Zn-Zinc	1400	Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke (Caryophyllaceae)	Bladder campion	xxx	xxx	Ernst et al. (1990)
Zn-Zinc	xxx	Spirodela polyrhiza	Giant Duckweed	Cd(H), Cr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H)	Native to North America.	[1][3][26]
Zn-Zinc	H-10,000	Thlaspi caerulescens (Brassicaceae)	Alpine pennycress	Cd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Cu(H), Mo, Ni(H), Pb(H)	48 records of plants. May acidify its own rhizosphere, which would facilitate absorption by solubilization of the metal[29]	[1][3][7][30][31][32][39]
Zn-Zinc	xxx	Trifolium pratense	Red Clover	Nonmetal accumulator.	Its rhizosphere is denser in bacteria than that of Thlaspi caerulescens, but T. caerulescens has relatively more metal-resistant bacteria.[29]	xxx

Cs-137 activity was much smaller in leaves of larch and sycamore maple than of spruce: spruce > larch > sycamore maple.

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