Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

LDOCE 4th ed.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (LDOCE) was first published by Longman in 1978.^[1] The dictionary is available in various formats: paper only; paper with a bundled premium website; online access only or a gratis online version. LDOCE is an advanced learner's dictionary, providing definitions by using a restricted vocabulary, helping non-native English speakers to understand meanings easily.

The latest version of Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English is the sixth edition. The premium website was revised during 2014 and 2015 and offers over a million corpus examples, exceeding that of the paper version and also supplying sound files for every word and 88,000 example sentences, along with various tools for study, teaching, examinations and grammar. The 9000 most important English words to learn have been highlighted via the Longman Communication 9000.

The gratis LDOCE online was updated to its current layout in 2008 and offers a search (with spelling assistance), definitions; collocations; many examples and pictures.

Longman Defining Vocabulary

A key feature of the LDOCE is its utilization of the Longman Defining Vocabulary, a 2000-word controlled defining vocabulary used to write all of the definitions in the dictionary.^[2] This defining vocabulary was developed from Michael West's General Service List of high-frequency words and their most common meanings.^[3]

The controlled defining vocabulary is not only helpful to second-language learners, but has also facilitated the use of the LDOCE as a machine-readable dictionary in computational linguistics research.^[4]

External links

Longman Dictionaries Online - official website
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English Online - free online version

Dictionaries of English

Old and Middle English	An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Dictionary of Old English Middle English Dictionary

Historic	Catholicon Anglicum (1483) The English Schoole-Master (1596) The New World of English Words (1658) A New English Dictionary (1702) An Universal Etymological English Dictionary (1721) A Dictionary of the English Language (1755) Webster's Dictionary (1828) Century Dictionary (1889–91)

American English	American Heritage Dictionary of American English Dictionary of American Regional English Imperial Dictionary New Oxford American Oxford American Random House Webster's Webster's New World Webster's Third New International Dictionary World Book Dictionary

British English	Chambers Collins Oxford English, Concise Oxford English, Compact Oxford English, Shorter Oxford English, Historical Thesaurus, Oxford Dictionary of English Penguin

Canadian English	Canadian Oxford Dictionary of Canadianisms Gage Canadian (Full list)

Australian English	Australian National Australian Oxford Macquarie

Online	Wiktionary Collaborative International Dictionary of English OmegaWiki Urban Dictionary Wordnik

Learners / ESL	Cambridge Advanced Learner's Collins COBUILD Advanced Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Oxford Advanced Learner's

References

↑ Anthony Paul Cowie. English Dictionaries for Foreign Learners: A History. Oxford University Press.
↑ Atkins, B. and M. Rundell. The Oxford Guide to Practical Lexicography, 2008: Oxford University Press.
↑ West, M. A General Service List of English Words, 1953, London: Longman.
↑ Bullock, D. 'NSM + LDOCE: A Non-Circular Dictionary of English', International Journal of Lexicography, 24/2, 2011: 226-240.

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