Louis Barthou

Louis Barthou
78th Prime Minister of France
In office 22 March 1913 – 9 December 1913
Preceded by	Aristide Briand
Succeeded by	Gaston Doumergue
Personal details
Born	Jean Louis Barthou 25 August 1862 Oloron-Sainte-Marie
Died	9 October 1934 (aged 72) Marseille
Political party	Independent

Jean Louis Barthou (French pronunciation: ​[ʒɑ̃ lwi baʁtu]; 25 August 1862 – 9 October 1934) was a French politician of the Third Republic who served as Prime Minister of France for eight months in 1913. In social policy, Barthou's time as Prime Minister saw the introduction (in July 1913) of allowances to families with children.^[1]

Biography

Early life

Louis Barthou was born on August 25, 1862 in Oloron-Sainte-Marie, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France.

Career

He served as Deputy from his home constituency. He was an authority on trade union history and law.

He was Prime Minister from March 22, 1913 to December 9, 1913. His ministry was composed of:

• Louis Barthou – President of the Council and Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts
• Stéphen Pichon – Minister of Foreign Affairs
• Eugène Étienne – Minister of War
• Louis Lucien Klotz – Minister of the Interior
• Charles Dumont – Minister of Finance
• Henry Chéron – Minister of Labour and Social Security Provisions
• Antony Ratier – Minister of Justice
• Pierre Baudin – Minister of Marine
• Étienne Clémentel – Minister of Agriculture
• Jean Morel – Minister of Colonies
• Joseph Thierry – Minister of Public Works
• Alfred Massé – Minister of Commerce, Industry, Posts, and Telegraphs

In social policy, Barthou's time as prime minister saw the passage of a law in June 1913 aimed at safeguarding women workers before and after childbirth.^[2]

Barthou (right) with Polish marshal Józef Piłsudski in 1934

He also held ministerial office thirteen other times. He served as Foreign Minister in 1934. He was the primary figure behind the Franco-Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance of 1935, though it was signed by his successor, Pierre Laval. As a national World War I hero and a recognized author, Barthou was elected to the Académie française at the end of that war.^[3]

In 1934, he tried to create an Eastern Pact that would include Germany, Russia, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and the Baltic states on the basis of a guarantee by France of the European borders of the Soviet Union and the eastern borders of the then Nazi Germany by the Soviet Union. He succeeded in obtaining entry of the Soviet Union into the League of Nations in September 1934.^[4]

Universal Newsreel's film about the assassination.

Death

As Foreign Minister, Barthou met King Alexander I of Yugoslavia during his state visit to Marseille in October 1934. On 9 October, the King and Barthou were assassinated by Velicko Kerin, a Bulgarian revolutionary wielding a handgun.^[5] One of the bullets struck Barthou in the arm, passing though and fatally severing an artery. He died of excessive blood loss less than an hour later. The assassination was planned in Rome by Ante Pavelić, head of the Croatian Ustaše, in August 1934. Pavelić was assisted by Georg Percevic, a former Austro-Hungarian military officer. France unsuccessfully requested extradition of Percevic and Pavelić.^[6] This assassination ended the careers of the Bouches-du-Rhone prefect, Pierre Jouhannaud, and the director of the Surete Nationale, Jean Berthoin.^[7]

Legacy

The assassination of Barthou and the King led to the Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of Terrorism concluded at Geneva by the League of Nations on 16 November 1937.^[8] The Convention was signed by 25 nations, ratified only by India.^[9] Barthou was granted a state funeral four days after his demise.

References

1. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=MLA1AAAAIAAJ&q=family+allowances+fourth+child+1913+france&dq=family+allowances+fourth+child+1913+france&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CBwQ6AEwAGoVChMIyvqkp7zAyAIVw34aCh2bKgK7
2. The Encyclopedia Britannica: a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information, Volume 31 by Hugh Chisholm
3. Power and Pleasure: Louis Barthou and the Third French Republic by Robert J. Young, McGill-Queens 1991, p. X
4. The Gathering Storm by Winston Churchill, RosettaBooks, 2010, p. 95
5. Matthew Graves, 'Memory and Forgetting on the National Periphery: Marseille and the Regicide of 1934' , PORTAL Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies, Vol. 7, No. 1, January 2010, p. 1
6. The Principle of Complementarity in International Criminal Law: Origin, Development and Practice by Mohamed M. El Zeidy, BRILL, September 15, 2008, p. 41
7. The Boundaries of the Republic: Migrant Rights and the Limits of Universalism in France, 1918-1940 by Mary Lewis, Stanford University Press, June 7, 2007, p. 114
8. The United Nations and the Control of International Violence: A Legal and Political Analysis by John Francis Murphy, Manchester University Press ND, 1983, p.179
9. Terrorism: A History by Randall Law, Polity, June 29, 2009, p. 156

External links

• Louis Barthou at Find a Grave
• "The King is Dead, Long Live the Balkans! Watching the Marseilles Murders of 1934" The Watson Institute