Machinal

Machinal

Cover to the programme of the Royal National Theatre's 1993 production
Written by Sophie Treadwell
Date premiered September 7, 1928
Place premiered Plymouth Theatre
Original language English
Genre Expressionism
Setting An office; a flat; a hotel; a hospital; a speakeasy; a furnished room; a drawing room; a court room; a prison; in the dark

Machinal is a 1928 play by American playwright and journalist Sophie Treadwell, inspired by the real-life case of convicted and executed murderer Ruth Snyder. Its Broadway premiere, directed by Arthur Hopkins, is considered one of the highpoints of Expressionist theatre on the American stage.

Synopsis

A young woman works as a low-level stenographer and lives with her mother. She follows the rituals that society expects of a woman, however resistant she may feel about them. She subsequently marries her boss, whom she finds repulsive. After having a baby with him, she has an affair with a younger man who fuels her lust for life. Driven to murder her husband, she is convicted of the crime and is executed in the electric chair.

Production

Produced and directed by Arthur Hopkins, Machinal opened on Broadway at the Plymouth Theatre on September 7, 1928, and closed on November 24, 1928, after 91 performances. The scenic design was by Robert Edmond Jones.[1] The play is presented in two parts, with ten scenes in the first and four in the second.[2] The production is notable for featuring Clark Gable in his Broadway debut.

Cast

Zita Johann and Clark Gable in Machinal (1928)

In Britain, the play was first performed under the title The Life Machine in 1931.[3]

Reception

"It was unfortunate that word was sent broadcast before the first performance of Machinal that its theme and characters grew out of the notorious Snyder-Gray murder case," wrote Perriton Maxwell, editor of Theatre Magazine. "The play bears no likeness to the sordid facts of that cheap tragedy … Machinal transcends the drab drama of the police court; it has a quality one finds it difficult to define, a beauty that cannot be conveyed in words, an aliveness and reality tinctured with poetic pathos which lift it to the realm of great art, greatly conceived and greatly presented." Calling Machinal "the most enthralling play of the year," Maxwell attributed the play's success to "three remarkable persons: Sophie Treadwell, Arthur Hopkins and Zita Johann."[2]

"From the sordid mess of a brutal murder the author, actors and producer of Machinal … have with great skill managed to retrieve a frail and sombre beauty of character," wrote theatre critic Brooks Atkinson of The New York Times. "Subdued, monotonous, episodic, occasionally eccentric in its style, Machinal is fraught with a beauty unfamiliar to the stage." Atkinson describes the play as "the tragedy of one who lacks strength; she is not adaptable; she submits. … Being the exposition of a character, stark and austere in style, Machinal makes no excuses for the tragedy it unfolds."[4]

Adaptations

Adapted for television by Irving Gaynor Neiman, Machinal was presented January 18, 1954, on NBC-TV's Robert Montgomery Presents. Reviewing the starring performance of Joan Lorring, Jack Gould of The New York Times wrote that "her interpretation of the mentally tortured young woman in Machinal, Sophie Treadwell's expressionistic and bitter poem for the theatre, must rank among the video season's finest accomplishments." The cast also included Malcolm Lee Beggs as the husband.[5]

An adaptation of Machinal aired August 14, 1960,[6] on ABC TV in the United Kingdom. Joanna Dunham starred, with Donald Pleasence portraying the husband.[7]

Revivals

The play was produced Off-Broadway at the Gate Theatre, opening in April 1960, with direction by Gene Frankel, and featuring Delores Sutton, Vincent Gardenia, and Gerald O'Loughlin.[8] In his review in The New York Times, Brooks Atkinson wrote "Gene Frankel has added modernistic details that visualize the inhumanity of the background... Ballou's cold settings, Lee Watson's macabre lighting complete the design of one of Off-Broadway's most vibrant performances."[9]

Machinal was produced Off-Broadway by the New York Shakespeare Festival at the Public Theatre, running from September 25, 1990 to November 25, 1990. Directed by Michael Greif, the cast featured Jodie Markell (Young Woman), John Seitz (Husband), and Marge Redmond (Mother). The production won three Obie Awards: for Performance (Jodie Markell), Direction, and Design (John Gromada).[10]

Machinal was revived by the Royal National Theatre in London in a production directed by Stephen Daldry.[11] It opened on 15 October 1993 with Fiona Shaw as the Young Woman, Ciarán Hinds as the Man, and John Woodvine as the Husband.[12][13] The scenic design, which included a large metal grid that moved into different positions for the play's different scenes, was by Ian MacNeil, costumes were by Clare Mitchell, lighting design was by Rick Fisher, with music by Stephen Warbeck.[11]

A revival opened on Broadway in a Roundabout Theatre production at the American Airlines Theatre on January 16, 2014, directed by Lyndsey Turner, featuring Rebecca Hall, Michael Cumpsty, Suzanne Bertish and Morgan Spector.[14]

Accolades

Machinal was included in Burns Mantle's The Best Plays of 1928–29.[15]

The Royal National Theatre production won three 1994 Laurence Olivier Awards, for Best Revival of a Play or Comedy, for Fiona Shaw as Best Actress and Stephen Daldry as Best Director of a Play. Ian MacNeil was nominated as Best Set Designer.[16]

The 2014 Broadway production received four 2014 Tony Award nominations: Best Scenic Design of a Play (Es Devlin), Best Costume Design of a Play (Michael Krass), Best Lighting Design of a Play (Jane Cox) and Best Sound Design of a Play (Matt Tierney).[17]

References

  1. ↑ "Machinal". Internet Broadway Database. Retrieved 2016-11-07.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Maxwell, Perriton (November 1928). "The Editor Goes to the Play". Theatre Magazine. New York: Theatre Magazine Company. p. 46.
  3. ↑ Treadwell (1993, viii).
  4. ↑ Atkinson, J. Brooks (September 8, 1928). "The Play". The New York Times. Retrieved 2016-11-08.
  5. ↑ Gould, Jack (January 24, 1954). "Television Reviews; Joan Lorring in 'Machinal'". The New York Times. Retrieved 2016-11-08.
  6. ↑ "ABC Armchair Mystery Theatre". Classic TV Archive. Retrieved 2016-11-08.
  7. ↑ "Machinal". BFI Film & TV Database. British Film Institute. Retrieved 2016-11-08.
  8. ↑ Kabatchnik, Amnon. "Machinal" Blood on the Stage, 1925-1950: Milestone Plays of Crime, Mystery, and Detection, Scarecrow Press, 2010, ISBN 0810869632, p. 217
  9. ↑ Atkinson, Brooks. "Theatre. 'Machinal' Revived at Gate", The New York Times, p. 27, April 8, 1960
  10. ↑ " 'Machinal' Listing" lortel.org, accessed December 23, 2013
  11. 1 2 From the programme to the production.
  12. ↑ Treadwell (1993, v).
  13. ↑ " 'Machinal' Listing and Script, Royal National Theatre" ciaranhinds.eu (pdf), accessed December 23, 2013
  14. ↑ Gioia, Michael. "Suzanne Bertish, Michael Cumpsty, Morgan Spector Will Join Rebecca Hall in 'Machinal'; Complete Broadway Cast Announced" playbill.com, October 22, 2013
  15. ↑ Mantle, Burns, ed. (1929). The Best Plays of 1928–29. New York: Dodd, Mead. OCLC 9695298.
  16. ↑ "Olivier Winners, 1994" olivierawards.com, accessed December 23, 2013
  17. ↑ Gans, Andrew. "68th Annual Tony Awards Nominations Announced; 'Gentleman's Guide' Leads the Pack" playbill.com, April 29, 2014

Sources

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