Mae Sot
| Mae Sot แม่สอด | ||
|---|---|---|
| City Municipality | ||
| ||
  Mae Sot Location of Mae Sot within Thailand | ||
| Coordinates: 16°42′47″N 98°34′29″E / 16.71306°N 98.57472°ECoordinates: 16°42′47″N 98°34′29″E / 16.71306°N 98.57472°E | ||
| Country | Thailand | |
| Province | Tak Province | |
| District | Mae Sot District | |
| Government | ||
| • Type | City municipality | |
| Area | ||
| • Total | 27.2 km2 (10.5 sq mi) | |
| Population | ||
| • Total | 52,350 [1] | |
| Time zone | ICT (UTC+7) | |
| Website | http://www.nakhonmaesotcity.go.th | |
Mae Sot (Thai: แม่สอด, pronounced [mɛ̂ː sɔ̀ːt]; Burmese: မဲဆောက်, [mɛ́ sʰaʊʔ]; Shan: ႄႈသၢႆ, [ɛ sʰaaj]) is a city in western Thailand that shares a border with Burma to the west. It is notable as a trade hub and for its substantial population of Burmese migrants and refugees. The city is part of Tak Province, 87 km from the city of Tak and 509 km from Bangkok. It is home to the district headquarters of Mae Sot District, and is the main gateway between Thailand and Burma. As a result, it has gained notoriety for its trade in gems and teak, as well as black market services such as people trafficking and drugs.
Mae Sot is 492 km northwest of Bangkok.
History
In 1937 Mae Sot was a local administration, administered by a headman, usually called village headman or village chief (ผู้ใหญ่บ้าน phu yai ban),[2] Its population at the time was approximately 12,000 people. On 30 September 1939 Mae Sot was established as a municipality[3] and governed 27 villages. It was upgraded to a city municipality in 2010.[4]
Geography
Neighboring districts are Mae Pa tambon administrative organization (TAO) in the north; Mae Tao (TAO) to the south; Mae Pa and Phra That Pha Daeng (TAO) to the east; and Tha Sai Luat Sub-district Municipality to the west.
Economy
Trade with Burma constitutes the largest portion of Mae Sot's economy. It has an established market for commodities such as wholesale gems and teak. Most of the town's service industries are supported by Burmese migrants who work in sweat-shops and factories throughout the region. The town also suffers from a black market in illegal smuggling, people trafficking, and narcotics. The Thai-Myanmar Friendship Bridge is the primary gateway for trade with Burma. The border region, several kilometres west from central Mae Sot, includes the Rim Moei Market that deals in imported goods and woodwork.
Gen Prayut Chan-o-cha, the junta leader and prime minister, in May 2015 invoked his authority under Section 44 of the Interim Charter to declare the area of Wang Takhian in Tha Sai Luat subdistrict of Mae Sot a special economic zone (SEZ). The current plan is to transform nearly 2,200 rai of land of Tha Sai Luat into an SEZ. The government has offered to compensate displaced villagers at 7,000-12,000 baht per rai of land and resettle villagers in another district of Tak. As of July 2016 the current market price of a rai of land in Mae Sot is almost one million baht, leading villagers to reject the offer.[5]
Climate
Mae Sot has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification Aw). Winters are dry and very warm. Temperatures rise until April, which is very hot with the average daily maximum at 36.8 °C (98.2 °F). The monsoon season runs from May to October, with heavy rain and somewhat cooler temperatures during the day, although nights remain warm.
| Climate data for Mae Sot (1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 35.4 (95.7) |
38.5 (101.3) |
40.3 (104.5) |
41.1 (106) |
41.6 (106.9) |
36.6 (97.9) |
35.6 (96.1) |
35.4 (95.7) |
35.8 (96.4) |
38.7 (101.7) |
36.5 (97.7) |
35.7 (96.3) |
41.6 (106.9) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 31.6 (88.9) |
34.0 (93.2) |
35.8 (96.4) |
36.8 (98.2) |
34.1 (93.4) |
31.4 (88.5) |
30.5 (86.9) |
30.3 (86.5) |
31.5 (88.7) |
32.2 (90) |
31.5 (88.7) |
30.4 (86.7) |
32.5 (90.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 22.4 (72.3) |
24.5 (76.1) |
27.2 (81) |
29.1 (84.4) |
27.9 (82.2) |
26.3 (79.3) |
25.8 (78.4) |
25.6 (78.1) |
26.2 (79.2) |
26.1 (79) |
24.4 (75.9) |
22.0 (71.6) |
25.6 (78.1) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 15.3 (59.5) |
16.7 (62.1) |
19.8 (67.6) |
23.1 (73.6) |
23.9 (75) |
23.6 (74.5) |
23.2 (73.8) |
23.1 (73.6) |
23.2 (73.8) |
22.3 (72.1) |
19.2 (66.6) |
15.5 (59.9) |
20.7 (69.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 7.6 (45.7) |
9.4 (48.9) |
11.8 (53.2) |
17.6 (63.7) |
19.5 (67.1) |
21.5 (70.7) |
20.9 (69.6) |
20.6 (69.1) |
19.3 (66.7) |
15.3 (59.5) |
8.4 (47.1) |
4.5 (40.1) |
4.5 (40.1) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 1.7 (0.067) |
8.2 (0.323) |
15.5 (0.61) |
44.8 (1.764) |
174.2 (6.858) |
255.4 (10.055) |
329.0 (12.953) |
321.7 (12.665) |
185.4 (7.299) |
102.1 (4.02) |
23.7 (0.933) |
5.9 (0.232) |
1,467.6 (57.78) |
| Average rainy days | 0.6 | 0.8 | 2.0 | 5.2 | 17.0 | 25.1 | 26.7 | 26.6 | 20.5 | 12.2 | 3.2 | 0.8 | 140.7 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 72 | 64 | 61 | 64 | 76 | 84 | 86 | 87 | 85 | 82 | 77 | 74 | 76 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 275.9 | 259.9 | 275.9 | 243.0 | 158.1 | 57.0 | 58.9 | 58.9 | 108.0 | 179.8 | 219.0 | 275.9 | 2,170.3 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 8.9 | 9.2 | 8.9 | 8.1 | 5.1 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 3.6 | 5.8 | 7.3 | 8.9 | 6.0 |
| Source #1: Thai Meteorological Department[6] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: Office of Water Management and Hydrology, Royal Irrigation Department (sun and humidity)[7] | |||||||||||||
References
- ↑ ส่วนวิจัยและพัฒนาระบบ รูปแบบและโครงสร้าง. "ส่วนวิจัยและพัฒนาระบบ รูปแบบและโครงสร้าง สำนักพัฒนาระบบ รูปแบบและโครงสร้าง กรมส่งเสริมการปกครองท้องถิ่น." [ออนไลน์]. เข้าถึงได้จาก: 2557. สืบค้น 6 กุมภาพันธ์ 2558.
- ↑ Yudthaphon Vichianin (Aug 5, 2003). "Village Chief Lee". Thai Language Program. University of Hawaii at Manoa. Archived from the original (interactive) on March 20, 2012. Retrieved March 20, 2012.
- ↑ "พระราชกฤษฎีกาจัดตั้งเทศบาลตำบลแม่สอด จังหวัดตาก พุทธศักราช ๒๔๘๒" (PDF). Royal Gazette (in Thai). 56 (0 ก): 959–962. 1939-09-30.
- ↑ "ประกาศกระทรวงมหาดไทย เรื่อง เปลี่ยนแปลงฐานะเทศบาลเมืองแม่สอด อำเภอแม่สอด จังหวัดตาก เป็นเทศบาลนครแม่สอด" (PDF). Royal Gazette (in Thai). 127 (พิเศษ 50 ง): 7. 2010-04-21.
- ↑ "Local farmers suffer as Thai junta pleases big companies". Prachatai English. 2016-07-11. Retrieved 12 July 2016.
- ↑ "Climatological Data for the Period 1981–2010". Thai Meteorological Department. p. 5. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
- ↑ "ปริมาณการใช้น้ำของพืชอ้างอิงโดยวิธีของ Penman Monteith (Reference Crop Evapotranspiration by Penman Monteith)" (PDF) (in Thai). Office of Water Management and Hydrology, Royal Irrigation Department. p. 28. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
External links
Mae Sot travel guide from Wikivoyage