Mamean languages

Mamean
Greater Mamean
Geographic
distribution:
Mesoamerica
Linguistic classification:

Mayan

  • Eastern
    (Quichean–Mamean)
    • Mamean
Subdivisions:
  • Mamean proper
  • Ixilan
Glottolog: grea1277[1]

The (Greater) Mamean family is a branch of the Eastern Mayan language group.

Languages

Phonology

Vowels

Vowels system of Mamean languages
Letter Mam
(Todos Santos)
Tektiteko
(Tectitán)
Awakatek
(Aguacatán)
Ixil
(Chajul)
i /ɪ/ /i/ /ɪ/ /ɪ/
ii /iː/ /iː/ /iː/ /iː/
u /ɯ/ /u/ /ɯ/ /ɯ/
uu /u͍ː/ /yː/ /ʉː/ /yː/
e /ɛ/ /e/ /e̞/ /ɛ/
ee /eː/ /eː/ /eː/ /eː/
o /ɤ̞/ /o/ /ɤ/ /ɔ/
oo /o͍ː/ /øː/ /ɵː/ /oː/
a /a/ /a/ /ä/ /a/
aa /ɑ͍ː/ /aː/ /ɐː/ /ɐː/

Consonants

Consonant inventory of the Mamean languages
Letter Mam
(Todos Santos)
Tektiteko
(Tectitán)
Awakatek
(Aguacatán)
Ixil
(Chajul)
p /pʰ~ɸʰ/ /p̪ʰ/ /pʰ~ɸʰ/ /pʰ/
p' N/A N/A /pʼ/ N/A
b /β/ N/A N/A N/A
b' /ɓ/ /ɓ/ /ɓ/ /bʼ/
m /m/ /m/ /m/ /m/
w /ʋ, ʍ, f/ /v, ʍ, f/ /v, w/ /v, f/
t /tʰ/ /tʰ/ /tʰ/ /tʰ/
t' /tʼ, ɗ/ /tʼ, dʼ/ /tʼ, ɗ/ /tʼ/
n /n~ŋ/ /n~ŋ/ /n~ɴ/ /n~ŋʰ/
s /s, z/ /s/ /s/ /sʰ, z/
tz /tsʰ/ /tsʰ/ /tsʰ/ /tsʰ/
tz' /tsʼ, dzʼ/ /tsʼ, dzʼ/ /tsʼ, dzʼ/ /tsʼ, dzʼ/
r /ɾ~r/ /ɾ/ /ɾ/ /ɾ/
l /l, ɹ, ɬ/ /l, ɬ/ /l, ɬ/ /l, ɹ, ɬʰ/
xh /ʃʰ, ɕʰ/ /ʃʰ/ /ɕʰ/ /ɕʰ~ʃʰ/
ch /tʃʰ, tɕʰ/ /tʃʰ/ /tɕʰ/ /tɕʰ/
ch' /tʃ', dʒʼ, tɕʼ, dʑʼ/ /tʃʼ, dʒʼ/ /tɕʼ, dʑʼ/ /tɕʼ, dʑʼ/
x /ʐ, ʂ/ /ʂ, ʑ/ /ʂ, ʐ/ /ʐ, ʂ/
tx /ʈʂʰ/ /ʈʂʰ/ /ʈʂʰ/ /ʈʂʰ/
tx' /ʈʂʼ~ɖʐʼ/ /ʈʂʼ~ɖʐʼ/ /ʈʂʼ~ɖʐʼ/ /ʈʂʼ~ɖʐʼ/
y /j/ /j/ /j/ /j~ʝ/
k /kʰ/ /kʰ/ /kʰ/ /kʰ/
k' /kʼ/ /kʼ/ /kʼ~ɠ/ /kʼ/
nh N/A /ŋ/ /ŋ/ /ŋʰ/
ky /kʲ, kɕʲ/ /kʲʰ/ /kʲ/ /kʰʲ~kç/
ky' /kʼʲ~kɕʼ/ /kʼʲʰ/ /ɠʲ/ /kʰʲʼ, kʼʝ/
q /qʰ/ /qʰ/ /qʰ/ /qʰ/
q' /ʛ/ /qʼ, ʛ/ /ʛ/ /ɢʼ/
j /χʰ, ʁ/ /χ/ /χ/ /χʰ/
h N/A N/A /ʜ, h/ N/A

See Mayan languages#Mamean for details.

References

  1. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Greater Mamean". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
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