Marianne Cohn
| Marianne Cohn | |
|---|---|
| Born |
17 September 1922 Mannheim, Germany |
| Died |
8 July 1944 (aged 21) Haute-Savoie, France |
| Nationality | German |
Marianne Cohn
Born 1922
Escaped 1934
[to] France
Denounced
Murdered 8/7/1944 in
Ville-la-Grand"
Marianne Cohn was a German-born French Resistance fighter. She was born on 17 September 1922 in Mannheim and died on 8 July 1944 in Haute-Savoie.
Biography
Marianne Cohn was the eldest child of a family of German intellectuals of Jewish descent, but they did not practice Judaism and had little connection to the Jewish community of Germany. The family left Germany, eventually settling in France where Marianne's parents were deported to the Gurs internment camp, as German nationals. She and her sister were taken in by the Jewish Scouts organization, with the opportunity to rediscover their Jewish identity.
In 1942 Marianne began to smuggle Jewish children out of France. Threatened with deportation, she was incarcerated at Nice and released three months later. It was during this initial detention in 1943, she wrote her famous poem "Je trahirai demain" (fr) (I shall betray tomorrow (not today)).[1]
After her release she resumed her underground activities, supervising children before their departure for Switzerland. Later, in January 1944, she began working with Rolande Birgy (see French Wikipedia article), shuttling two or three groups, each with up to twenty children across the southern border, passing through Lyon and Annecy. Birgy had been teamed with Mila Racine (see French Wikipedia article) before she was arrested on 21 October 1943.[2]
Cohn was arrested on 31 May 1944 near Annemasse with a group of twenty-eight children, and incarcerated at the Hotel Pax by the Gestapo. Despite the torture, she did not speak. Her resistance unit formed a plan to free her, but she refused, fearing reprisals on children.
On the night of 8 July 1944 the Gestapo of Lyon sent a team to Annemasse to remove six prisoners, including Marianne Cohn, and killed them by kicking them and hitting them with shovels. The mayor of Annemasse saved the children.
Commemoration
There is a primary school and kindergarten in Annemasse bearing her name, and a school in Berlin.
References
- ↑ Lecture Analytique de "Je trahirai demain" (de M. Cohn )
- ↑ Je voudrais évoquer ici le souvenir de quatre de mes camarades de Résistance... Mais après l’arrestation de Mila Racine et de Roland Epstein, Marianne, alors âgée de 21 ans, passe à la Sixième et prend la relève avec Rolande Birgy, militante de la JOC (Jeunesse Ouvrière Chrétienne), reconnue en 1984 comme Juste parmi les Nations.
Bibliography
- Magali Ktorza, "Marianne Cohn,I betray tomorrow, not today,Revue d'histoire de la Shoah,No. 161, September–December 1997, pp. 96–112
- François Marcot (eds.), Historical Dictionary ofResistance, ed. Robert Laffont, 2006, article "Marianne Cohn, pp. 392–393
- Dr. Ludwig Fineltain, http://www.bulletindepsychiatrie.com/shoah.htm
- Doreen Rappaport, "Beyond Courage", http://www.jwmag.org/document.doc?id=438