Marion Dönhoff

Marion Gräfin Dönhoff, 1971

Marion Hedda Ilse Gräfin von Dönhoff (2 December 1909 – 11 March 2002) was a German journalist who participated in the resistance against Hitler's National Socialists with Helmuth James Graf von Moltke, Peter Yorck von Wartenburg and Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg. After the war, she became one of the leading German journalists and intellectuals. She worked over 55 years for the Hamburg-based, weekly newspaper Die Zeit, as an editor and later publisher.

Biography

Dönhoff was born to the old aristocratic Dönhoff family in Schloss Friedrichstein, East Prussia (now in Guryevsky District, Kaliningrad Oblast) in 1909. Her father was Count August Karl von Dönhoff, a diplomat and member of the Prussian House of Lords and the German Parliament. As a diplomat, he was located in Washington for some time, and became a close friend of Senator Carl Schurz. Her mother was born Maria von Lepel (1869–1940). Dönhoff wrote, in her memoirs, how her father was involved in one of the last episodes of the Indian wars, the White River War.[1]

She studied economics at Frankfurt, where National Socialist sympathizers were said to have called her the "red countess" for her defiance once they gained power in 1933. She left Germany soon after, moving to Basel, Switzerland, where she earned her doctorate. But she returned to her family home at Kwitajny in 1938, and joined the resistance movement, which led to questioning by the Gestapo after a failed assassination attempt on Hitler in 1944. Although many of her fellow resistance activists were executed, she was released reportedly because her name was not found in any of the documents seized by the Nazis.[2]

In January 1945, as Soviet troops rolled into the region, Dönhoff fled East Prussia, travelling seven weeks on horseback before reaching Hamburg. She recounted her journey in a 1962 book of essays. The castle in which she grew up is 19 km (12 mi) from Kaliningrad but she was one of the first public figures to endorse the finality of the border between Germany and Poland, which had been established after the Second World War.

In 1946, Dönhoff joined the fledgling, Hamburg-based, intellectual weekly Die Zeit as political editor. She was promoted later to deputy editor-in-chief in 1955, then editor-in-chief in 1968, and publisher in 1972. She was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1990.[3]

At the time of her death on 11 March 2002, aged 92, Dönhoff was still co-publisher of the influential newspaper. She was the author of more than twenty books, including political and historical analyses of Germany as well as commentary on U.S. foreign policy. Among many international distinctions, Dönhoff was awarded honorary doctorates by Columbia University and Georgetown University.

Published works

English

German

Bibliography

Awards and Honors

In 1994 she received the Four Freedom Award for the Freedom of Speech[4]

References

  1. ↑ Kindheit in Ostpreußen (Before the Storm: Memories of My Youth in Old Prussia), translated by Jean Steinberg, with a foreword by George F. Kennan (1990); ISBN 0-394-58255-1.
  2. ↑ "The Week in Germany for 15 March 2002 (Dönhoff obituary)". Retrieved 7 December 2014.
  3. ↑ Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter D (PDF) (alphabetical list). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. p. ?. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  4. ↑ http://www.rooseveltinstitute.org/four-freedoms-awards

External links

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