Mark Messier

Mark Messier
Hockey Hall of Fame, 2007

Messier in 2016
Born (1961-01-18) January 18, 1961
Edmonton, AB, CAN
Height 6 ft 2 in (188 cm)
Weight 210 lb (95 kg; 15 st 0 lb)
Position Centre
Shot Left
Played for WHA
Indianapolis Racers
Cincinnati Stingers
NHL
Edmonton Oilers
New York Rangers
Vancouver Canucks
National team  Canada
NHL Draft 48th overall, 1979
Edmonton Oilers
Playing career 1978–2004

Mark Douglas Messier (/ˈmɛsi.eɪ/; born January 18, 1961) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey center of the National Hockey League and former special assistant to the president and general manager of the New York Rangers. He played a quarter of a century in the NHL (1979–2004) with the Edmonton Oilers, New York Rangers, and Vancouver Canucks. He also played professionally with the World Hockey Association (WHA)'s Indianapolis Racers and Cincinnati Stingers.[1] He was the last former WHA player to be active in professional hockey, and the last active player who had played in the NHL in the 1970s.

Messier is considered one of the greatest NHL players of all time.[2] He is second on the all-time career lists for regular season points (1887), playoff points (295) and regular season games played (1756). He is a six-time Stanley Cup champion - five with the Oilers and one with the Rangers, and is the only player to captain two different professional teams to championships.[3] His playoff leadership while in New York, which ended a 54-year Stanley Cup drought in 1994, earned him the nickname "The Messiah", a play on his name. He was also known, over the course of his career, as "The Moose" for his aggression and strength.[4][5] He twice won the Hart Trophy as the league's most valuable player, in 1990 and 1992, and in 1984 he won the Conn Smythe Trophy as the most valuable player during the playoffs. He is a 15-time NHL All-Star. In 2007, he was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame, in his first year of eligibility.

Personal

Mark Messier was born in Edmonton, Alberta, the son of Mary-Jean (Dea) and Douglas Messier.[6] He has an older brother Paul, and two sisters Jennifer, and Mary-Kay, who is director of brand initiatives for Bauer Hockey. Bauer Hockey and Hockey Canada launched The First Shift initiative in 2012 in an effort to ease the transition for families who are new to the game.[7] The program, which is open to kids between the ages of six and 10 who have never played hockey before, hopes to see one million new players registered in hockey leagues across Canada by 2022. Alongside his sister, Mark is an advocate for First Shift, which is a six-week program for $199 that also gives kids all their starter equipment.[8] His brother Paul and sister Jennifer are managing one of their brother's investments—a small hotel—in Harbour Island, Bahamas.[9]

Playing career

1978–79: Early years and WHA

Messier lived in St. Albert and played Tier II in the Alberta Junior Hockey League with the St. Albert Saints. In 54 games, Messier had 74 points and 194 penalty minutes.[10] Messier also played a few games with the Portland Winter Hawks. His father had also played in Portland for the Buckaroos. Mark’s father Doug once played junior hockey with Pat Stapleton, the coach of the Indianapolis Racers. Doug called him and got Messier a contract to play hockey in Indianapolis for $30,000.[10] Messier signed the five-game tryout contract at the age of 17. He failed to register a point and was released just before the Racers folded.

Shortly after being released by Indianapolis, Messier was signed as a free agent by the Cincinnati Stingers. While with the Cincinnati Stingers, Messier was on a line with Robbie Ftorek.[11] Ftorek was one of the top scorers in the league but Messier managed to get only two goals. He would play 47 games for the Stingers tallying only one goal and ten assists. While in Cincinnati, Messier was a teammate of Mike Gartner, Barry Melrose and Paul Stewart. When he retired, Messier was the last former WHA player still active on the ice as a player.

1979–1991: Edmonton Oilers

Messier was drafted in the third round, 48th overall, by the Edmonton Oilers in the 1979 NHL Entry Draft. Messier was a fierce, tough competitor whose intense leadership in the dressing room was as important as the goals he scored on the ice. He was not initially known as a scorer, but his offensive numbers increased steadily over his first few years with the Oilers. In 1981–82, he registered his only 50-goal season. For most of his tenure with the Oilers, he played on a line with Glenn Anderson.

Initially a left winger (he was named to the NHL First All-Star Team in 1982–83 on left wing), Messier switched to centre in the 1984 playoffs, and the results were spectacular. In Game 3 of the 1984 Finals, for example, with his Oilers trailing the four-time defending champion New York Islanders by a goal, it was Messier's goal on a brilliant end-to-end rush that sparked a comeback by the Oilers. By the end of the series the Oilers had won their first Stanley Cup and Messier had earned the Conn Smythe Trophy, awarded to the most valuable player of the playoffs.

In 1984, Messier was suspended for ten games for cracking Jamie Macoun's cheekbone with a sucker punch from behind during a game against the Calgary Flames on December 26. Messier was retaliating for having been boarded by Macoun earlier in the game, but the NHL ruled that he had instigated the fight.[12]

On September 6, 1985, Mark Messier lost control of his Porsche and totaled it by hitting three parked cars. He was later charged with hit and run and careless driving, for which he paid a fine.[13]

He won four more Cups with the Oilers, 1985, 1987, 1988 and 1990, the last which he captained the Oilers to a five-game victory over the Boston Bruins. Though the Oilers had been a 1980s powerhouse, the 1990 victory, which came two years after Wayne Gretzky was traded away, surprised many. Messier also won the Hart Memorial Trophy as league MVP that season, edging out the Bruins' Ray Bourque by just two votes, the narrowest margin in the award's history.[12]

Though Messier was actually under contract to the Oilers until 1993, his agent and father Doug Messier unsuccessfully pressed Sather for a new deal in the summer of 1990.[13][14] After the 1990–91 season, Messier was upset that the Oilers were willing to let Adam Graves leave the team. Messier issued a public trade demand during the Canada Cup tournament saying that he wanted out if the Oilers were not willing to do what was necessary to keep important players.[15] On October 4, 1991, in one of many cost-cutting moves by Edmonton management, Messier was traded to the New York Rangers for Louie DeBrusk, Bernie Nicholls, and Steven Rice.

1991–1997: New York Rangers

In his first season with the Rangers, Messier won his second Hart Trophy and guided the Rangers to the best record in the NHL. However, they were ousted in six games in the second round of the playoffs by the eventual champions Pittsburgh Penguins and young Jaromír Jágr (Mario Lemieux was sidelined due to a slash on the wrist by Adam Graves).

In 1992–93, the Rangers missed the playoffs and was the first time in Messier's career that he did not play in the post-season. After the season, Mike Keenan was hired as head coach.

In the 1993–94 NHL season, the Rangers rebounded to once again finish first overall, and this time were expected to win the Cup. After easily ousting the Islanders and Capitals in the first two rounds, the Rangers' road to the Cup would get a lot harder.

Down 3–2 in the 1994 Eastern Conference Finals against the rival New Jersey Devils, Messier confronted the New York media and publicly guaranteed a Game 6 victory. With fans and players on both sides reading the news headline, it then became a feat comparable to Babe Ruth's called shot and Joe Namath's Super Bowl III guarantee, and he backed it up by scoring a natural hat trick in the third period on an empty net goal with ESPN commentator Gary Thorne boasting, "Do you believe it?! Do you believe it?! He said we will win game six and he has just picked up the hat trick!" It helped the Rangers erase a two-goal deficit. The Rangers went on to win the series in a thrilling seventh game double overtime nail biter.

Then, in the Stanley Cup Finals, Messier scored the Stanley Cup winning goal in Game 7 at Madison Square Garden, giving the Rangers their first Stanley Cup in 54 years. He became the first (and to this date, the only) player to captain two different teams to the Stanley Cup, something his former teammate Wayne Gretzky couldn't do the year before, and provided two of the most memorable images of that Stanley Cup Finals. First, when the buzzer sounded he was jumping up and down with overwhelming emotion as ticker tape fell; fireworks burst and fans and teammates celebrated. The other, which would become an iconic image to the Rangers and their fans, taken by George Kalinsky, photographer at Madison Square Garden, showing incredible emotion as he accepted the Stanley Cup from NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman.[16][17][18] Finally, during the ticker-tape parade celebrating the Rangers' win, Rudy Giuliani, witnessing his first New York sports team championship victory just five months after becoming mayor, dubbed Messier "Mr. June," conjuring Reggie Jackson's "Mr. October" nickname.[19]

In 1995–96, Messier came as close as he had since 1991–92 to breaking the 100-point plateau when, at the age of 35, he recorded a 99-point season. In 1996–97, former Oilers teammate Wayne Gretzky joined the Rangers, while Messier retained the captaincy and had a respectable 84-point regular season. The two led the team to the Eastern Conference Finals, where they were eliminated by the Philadelphia Flyers in five games, as the Rangers could not match the size and strength of Eric Lindros and his "Legion of Doom" linemates. Messier left the club at the conclusion of the season (see below), ending the brief reunion of Messier and Gretzky being together again on the same team after just one season. It would also turn out to be both players' final playoff appearances.

Messier had wanted to finish his career with the Rangers but Dave Checketts, the president of Madison Square Garden, said the team did not think Messier was worth $20 million USD for the next three years, though Messier maintained that he would have signed a one-year contract extension for under $6 million per season. Although public sentiment sided with Messier, as he led the team to two first-place regular season finishes and the Stanley Cup, General Manager Neil Smith was content having Gretzky and Pat LaFontaine as top centremen, and he came close to landing Joe Sakic from the Colorado Avalanche[20] when he signed him to an offer sheet in the summer of 1997. At 36 years old, Messier signed with the Vancouver Canucks to a high-priced free agent contract.

1997–2000: Vancouver Canucks

Messier's return to Canada after six years with the Rangers was an emotional and high-profile event, but the bliss was brief. Before the season started, captain Trevor Linden relinquished the captaincy to Messier, a move that did not go over well with Canucks supporters. Amidst a turbulent season, in which president and general manager Pat Quinn and head coach Tom Renney were fired, Linden was eventually traded by new coach and acting general manager Mike Keenan to the New York Islanders, where he became their captain, replacing Bryan McCabe, for whom Linden was traded along with Todd Bertuzzi. Messier's demand to receive the number No. 11, which he had worn throughout his career with the Oilers and Rangers, but which the Canucks had unofficially retired after Wayne Maki's unexpected death in 1974, hurt his image as well.[21]

In Messier's first game back on Broadway, MSG provided a video for him which was displayed on the big screen at the Garden. It was very emotional as some fans as well as Messier himself shedding tears. He went on to score a goal in that game against his former team where he received applause after doing so even though he wore a different uniform. One fan displayed a sign which read, "You will always be our captain Mess."

Sixty points in 1997–98 was his worst mark in a full year since his first NHL season; his next two seasons were shortened by injury and finished with 158 points over three years, considered below expectations compared to other star centremen earning around $6 million US a season,[22] like Steve Yzerman and Joe Sakic. Messier was still expected to be named to the Canadian men's hockey team for the 1998 Olympics, in which the NHL allowed its best players to participate for the first time; however, he was surprisingly omitted by General Manager Bobby Clarke.[23]

Keenan was fired from his post as Canucks' coach midway in the 1998–99 season, as the club missed the playoffs during Messier's three years. The team made no attempt to re-sign Messier and he became a free agent after the 1999–2000 season.

2000–2004: Return to the New York Rangers

After his tenure with the Canucks, Messier returned to New York and joined the Rangers. The Rangers held a press conference where they symbolically buried a hatchet, and Messier made an ill-fated "guarantee" of a playoff berth.[24] Messier was also given back the team captaincy upon his return to the Rangers, handed over to him personally by Brian Leetch.

Messier's 67-point season as a 40-year-old in 2000–01 was a mark better than any he established in his Vancouver years, showing that he could still be a valuable presence, but the Rangers missed the playoffs for the fourth year running. After missing half of 2001–02 due to an arm injury, Messier recorded only 23 points, and finished up next year with a 40-point season.

On June 30, 2003 Mark Messier was traded to the San Jose Sharks for a fourth round draft pick. This draft pick ended up being used to select Rochester, NY native and future Rangers captain Ryan Callahan. Messier was a Shark for just a few hours as he re-signed with the Rangers as a free agent.

On November 4, 2003, against the Dallas Stars, Messier scored a pair of goals to vault past Gordie Howe into second on the all-time point scoring list with 1,851 points, second-most in League history trailing only Wayne Gretzky.[25] Eleven days later, Messier was the only active player to play in the Legends Game at Edmonton's Heritage Classic, suiting up with the Oiler alumni and making many light-hearted comments about being Edmonton's "ringer." During his last game at Madison Square Garden (A 4-3 loss to the Buffalo Sabres on March 31, 2004), Messier received applause every time he touched the puck and, after the game, received a standing ovation while he skated around the Garden and bowed to every section of the stands.[26] At the age of 43, most media outlets believed Messier had decided to quit. The NHL lockout eliminated the next season. All speculation ended on September 12, 2005, when he announced his retirement on ESPN radio.[27]

2005 and beyond: post retirement

Messier retired eleven games behind Howe's NHL record 1,767 regular season games played. Messier holds the record for most NHL regular season and playoff season games played at 1,992. Messier is one of a handful of players to have played 25 NHL seasons, doing so over four decades.

On January 12, 2006, during a very emotional ceremony that featured most of the 1994 Stanley Cup team and the Stanley Cup itself, the New York Rangers retired his number 11 in a game against the Edmonton Oilers. During the game, the Rangers defeated the Oilers.[28] His is the 4th number retired by the Rangers. His number was retired by the Edmonton Oilers on February 27, 2007, against the Phoenix Coyotes, then coached by former teammate Wayne Gretzky.[29]

In February 2007, Messier publicly expressed interest in returning to the NHL as general manager for the Rangers; however, the then current GM Glen Sather responded by saying he had no plans of stepping down from his position.[30] With the departure of Assistant GM Don Maloney from the Rangers organization in May 2007, Messier's name had been attached to possible replacements;[31] however, in July 2007, Jim Schoenfeld was announced as Maloney's replacement.

In late 2010, Messier coached Canada during two European tournaments—the Deutschland Cup and the Spengler Cup.[32]

International career
Medal record
Representing  Canada
Ice hockey
World Cup
1996 Canada
Canada Cup
1991 Canada
1987 Canada
1984 Canada
World Championships
1989 Sweden

Messier only played with Canada once outside North America, winning the silver medal at the 1989 World Ice Hockey Championships in Sweden. He also won three-straight Canada Cups and won silver at the 1996 World Cup of Hockey, four tournaments which he described as "my real opportunity to play international hockey."[33]

Off the ice

Messier attended St. Francis Xavier High School in Edmonton as he played junior hockey where his father Doug was his coach and mentor for his early years, where he played with the Spruce Grove Mets. Mark's brother Paul Messier was drafted by the Colorado Rockies 41st overall in the 1978 NHL Amateur Draft, but he only played nine games with the club in 1978–79 before embarking on a long career in the German Bundesliga. His cousins Mitch and Joby also skated for NHL clubs. Joby was briefly Mark's teammate on the Rangers. One of his cousins, Brian, played in the MCHL with the Ice Hawks.

Messier in 2006 on "Mark Messier Night".

Messier's son Lyon, who was born on August 16, 1987, is a former defenceman who spent part of two seasons with the South Carolina Stingrays of the ECHL, Charlotte Checkers of the ECHL and the New Mexico Scorpions of the CHL during the 2008–09 season.

Messier's wife Kim, gave birth to Mark's second son, Douglas Paul, on July 15, 2003, and daughter Jacqueline Jean in August 2005.

After his retirement, Messier appeared in a Versus television special in the United States highlighting his "Mark Messier Leadership Camp," which allowed New Yorkers to mix seminars in leadership and working with others with hockey games against former Rangers, including a scrimmage at Madison Square Garden.

Messier was featured in a Lay's chips campaign that aired in Canada in the late 1990s and early 2000s. The commercials originally featured Messier being challenged to a bet by a local hockey fan, who bets that Messier cannot eat just one potato chip, in reference to the Lay's slogan "bet you can't eat just one." Messier loses the bet, and ends up playing in a local "beer league" hockey game (for a team called "The Pylons"), which he easily dominates. Later variations would have Messier himself making the same bet. He was also featured in Lay's ads in the U.S. where he asked neighbors to borrow ice, sugar or a hairdryer (playing on his bald head) to get chips.

Almost 30 years after having played with the Saints, Messier is a legend in the Edmonton suburb of St. Albert, Alberta. One of the rinks in the local Servus Place bears Messier's name.

More recently, Messier has found time to do some work as a hockey analyst. He's occasionally seen on NHL on Versus as a studio analyst, was an in-game analyst for The NHL All-Star Game on Versus, and has been a guest commentator on NHL on NBC.

In Edmonton, a section of St. Albert Trail between St. Albert and the City of Edmonton, has been renamed to Mark Messier Trail as of February 26, 2007.

On November 12, 2007, Messier was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in the players category.

Messier is an advocate for preventative healthcare and spokesperson for Cold-fX. He is also involved in many philanthropic causes, most recently The New York Police and Fire Widows' and Children's Benefit Fund, for which he serves on the Board.

Messier has also become a hotelier, owning the small Runaway Hill Club on the pink sand beach on Harbour Island in the Bahamas. He also regularly fishes for marlin on his boat 'Wani Kanati'.

Messier ran in the New York City Marathon on November 6, 2011, finishing with a time of 4:14:21.

On December 31, 2011, Messier played for the New York Rangers at the 2012 NHL Winter Classic Alumni Game in Philadelphia between the New York Rangers and the Philadelphia Flyers. Messier had 1 assist during the game, which was won 3-1 by Philadelphia.[34]

Messier is also known for his off ice charity work, especially in his native Alberta.[35] This commitment to charity is also one of the factors in the NHL's Mark Messier Leadership Award.

Messier, alongside Sarah Hughes, is also involved in the construction of the Kingsbridge National Ice Center, a $250 million USD,[36] 795,000 square foot redevelopment of the Kingsbridge Armory in the Bronx into a world's-largest indoor ice facility, containing nine ice rinks.[37]

In 2014, Messier joined Rogers Communications as a spokesperson and occasional analyst for the company's national NHL coverage. He appeared on various Rogers NHL GameCentre Live advertisements including the Vancouver Canucks-themed ad which drew backlash towards their fanbase.

Awards

NHL
Award Year(s)
All-Star Game 1982, 1983, 1984, 1986,
1988, 1989, 1990, 1991,
1992, 1994, 1996, 1997,
1998, 2000, 2004
Conn Smythe Trophy 1984
First All-Star Team 1982, 1983, 1990, 1992
Hart Memorial Trophy 1990, 1992
Lester B. Pearson Award 1990, 1992
Second All-Star Team 1984
Stanley Cup 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988,
1990, 1994

Achievements

Transactions

Career statistics

Regular season Playoffs
Season Team League GP G A Pts +/- PIM GPs G A Points +/- PIM
1975–76Sherwood SpearsAMHL448276158—38——————
1976–77Spruce Grove MetsAJHL57273966—91——————
1977–78St. Albert SaintsAJHL54254974—194——————
1977–78Portland Winter HawksWCHL1011415—67415—2
1978–79St. Albert SaintsAJHL17151833—64——————
1978–79Indianapolis RacersWHA5000—0——————
1978–79Cincinnati StingersWHA4711011—58——————
1979–80Houston ApollosCHL4033—4——————
1979–80Edmonton OilersNHL75122133−101203123+22
1980–81Edmonton OilersNHL72234063−121029257+113
1981–82Edmonton OilersNHL78503888+211195123−48
1982–83Edmonton OilersNHL774858106+19721515621+1014
1983–84Edmonton OilersNHL733764101+401651981826+919
1984–85Edmonton OilersNHL55233154+85718121325+1312
1985–86Edmonton OilersNHL63354984+3668104610018
1986–87Edmonton OilersNHL713770107+217321121628+1316
1987–88Edmonton OilersNHL703774111+2110319112334+929
1988–89Edmonton OilersNHL72336194−5130711112−18
1989–90Edmonton OilersNHL794584129+19792292231+520
1990–91Edmonton OilersNHL53125264+15341841115+216
1991–92New York RangersNHL793572107+3176117714−46
1992–93New York RangersNHL75256691−672——————
1993–94New York RangersNHL76265884+257623121830+1433
1994–95New York RangersNHL46143953+8401031013−118
1995–96New York RangersNHL74475299+29122114711−1016
1996–97New York RangersNHL71364884+1288153912+26
1997–98Vancouver CanucksNHL82223860−1058——————
1998–99Vancouver CanucksNHL59133548−1233——————
1999–00Vancouver CanucksNHL66173754−1530——————
2000–01New York RangersNHL82244367−2589——————
2001–02New York RangersNHL4171623−132——————
2002–03New York RangersNHL78182240−230——————
2003–04New York RangersNHL76182543+342——————
NHL totals 1756 694 1193 1887 +210 1910 236 109 186 295 +50 244

See also

References

  1. ↑ Mark Messier's career statistics at The Internet Hockey Database
  2. ↑ Pelletier, Joe (April 29, 2009). "Stanley Cup Legends: The Messiah, Mark Messier". Greatest Hockey Legends.com. Retrieved March 9, 2011.
  3. ↑ "HHOF Site Map". Legendsofhockey.net. Retrieved 2011-11-03.
  4. ↑ "Legends of Hockey – Induction Showcase – Mark Messier". Hhof.com. Retrieved March 9, 2011.
  5. ↑ "Mark Messier Biography Summary". BookRags.com. Retrieved March 9, 2011.
  6. ↑ http://www.nytimes.com/1992/01/19/sports/hockey-a-star-is-reborn-in-broadway-hit.html?pagewanted=all
  7. ↑ http://www.thefirstshift.ca/wp-content/uploads/bauer-press-materials.pdf
  8. ↑ http://www.todaysparent.com/family/mark-messier-supporting-hockey-families/
  9. ↑ http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/travel/activities-and-interests/run-away-to-mark-messiers-island/article4200301/
  10. 1 2 The Rebel League: The Short and Unruly Life of the World Hockey Association, p.236, McLelland and Stewart, Toronto, ON, ISBN 0-7710-8947-3
  11. ↑ The Rebel League: The Short and Unruly Life of the World Hockey Association, p.237, McLelland and Stewart, Toronto, ON, ISBN 0-7710-8947-3
  12. 1 2 "1979 NHL Entry Draft – Mark Messier". Hockeydraftcentral.com. Retrieved March 9, 2011.
  13. 1 2 Messier, p.82, DoubleDay Canada, Toronto, ISBN 0-385-65907-5
  14. ↑ Messier, p.130
  15. ↑ Messier, p.137, DoubleDay Canada, Toronto, ISBN 0-385-65907-5
  16. ↑ "The Rangers win The Cup – 06/14/1994". MSG Media. Retrieved July 21, 2009.
  17. ↑ "GeorgeKalinsky.com::Images::Team Sports". GeorgeKalinsky.com. Retrieved July 21, 2009.
  18. ↑ Kalinsky, George (2004). Garden of Dreams. New York: Stewart, Tabori, & Chang. ISBN 1-58479-343-0.
  19. ↑ Barron, James (June 18, 1994). "New Yorkers Bury the Rangers' Curse in a Sea of Confetti". The New York Times. p. 28. Mr. Giuliani went on to call Mark Messier 'Mr. June,' echoing Reggie Jackson's 'Mr. October' nickname after he blasted three home runs to win the World Series for the Yankees in 1977.
  20. ↑ "CNNSI.com – NHL Hockey – Say It Ain't So: New York Rangers – Saturday March 3, 2001 10:30 am". Sports Illustrated. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved March 9, 2011.
  21. ↑ "The 12 sports books of Christmas". Vancouver Courier. 2004. Archived from the original on May 10, 2006. Retrieved August 26, 2006.
  22. ↑ Vancouver Sun October 25, 2011 (2011-10-25). "Worst Canucks ever: Most disappointing players to wear a Vancouver jersey". Vancouversun.com. Retrieved 2011-11-03.
  23. ↑ Willes, Ed (November 30, 1997). "HOCKEY; Gretzky In, Messier Out As Canada Picks Team". The New York Times. Retrieved May 5, 2010.
  24. ↑ "Messier stands by playoff guarantee". Canada: CBC. January 11, 2001. Retrieved October 17, 2007.
  25. ↑ Diamos, Jason (November 5, 2003). "HOCKEY; Messier Passes Howe on Points List.". The New York Times. Retrieved November 5, 2003.
  26. ↑ "messier scores in possible msg finale". nyrangers.com. 2004. Archived from the original on November 26, 2006. Retrieved October 17, 2007.
  27. ↑ "Mark Messier retires after 25 seasons.". ESPN. 2006. Retrieved August 26, 2006.
  28. ↑ "NHL On-line ReportViewer". Nhl.com. January 12, 2006. Retrieved March 9, 2011.
  29. ↑ "Oilers retire Messier's No. 11". USA Today. Associated Press. February 28, 2007. Retrieved October 23, 2011.
  30. ↑ "Messier's GM comments surprise Rangers' Sather". ESPN. 2007. Retrieved May 13, 2007.
  31. ↑ "Messier joins Rangers management". CBCSports.ca. August 16, 2009. Retrieved August 16, 2009.
  32. ↑ "Mark Messier Named Canada's Coach for Deutschland Cup and Spengler Cup Assistant Coaches Named for Both Events". Hockey Canada. October 12, 2010. Retrieved November 5, 2010.
  33. ↑ Fox, Luke (January 10, 2014). "Messier recalls being denied his Olympic dream". Sportsnet. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
  34. ↑ http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=605452
  35. ↑ http://www.edmontonsun.com/2012/09/20/mark-messier-returns-to-edmonton-to-host-massive-charity-dinner
  36. ↑ "Bronx armory to be ice rink". New York Post. April 23, 2013.
  37. ↑ http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=702130
  38. ↑ WHA Hall of Fame Members
  39. ↑ Sportak, Randy (2012-12-13). "Marching Order". Calgary Sun. p. S11.
  40. ↑ "Rangers trade Messier's rights to San Jose". CNN. Archived from the original on July 13, 2003.

Further reading

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