Mchinji
| Mchinji | |
|---|---|
  Mchinji Location in Malawi | |
| Coordinates: 13°49′S 32°54′E / 13.817°S 32.900°ECoordinates: 13°49′S 32°54′E / 13.817°S 32.900°E | |
| Country |
 Malawi |
| Region | Central Region |
| District | Mchinji District |
| Elevation | 3,875 ft (1,181 m) |
| Population (2008)[1] | |
| • Total | 25,184 |
| • Languages | Chichewa |
| Time zone | +2 |
| Climate | Cwa |
Mchinji is a district in the Central Region of Malawi. As of 2008 estimates, Mchinji District had a population of 458,556. The area's economy is sustained by rain-fed agriculture. Mchinji Boma, located at 12 km from the Zambian Border and 109 km from Lilongwe the Capital City of Malawi, is the major hub of government and general business. It has a major railroad junction, being the railhead nearest to Zambia.
History
Mchinji Boma was formerly known as Fort Manning, after governor William Manning. Fort Manning was called a "fort" because the local government offices (the "boma") were once fortified.
In 1930, Fort Manning was attacked by a lion that caused over thirty-six deaths over a five-month period.[2]
A magnitude 6.6 earthquake struck Mchinji on 10 March 1989.[3] At least 9 people were killed, 100 injured and about 50,000 left homeless in Malawi.[3] It was also felt in Zambia.[3]
American pop singer Madonna adopted 13-month-old David Banda from Mchinji in October 2006.[4] This generated international controversy because Malawian law stated that one year of residence was required of potential adoptive parents.[5] The effort was highly publicised and culminated in legal disputes.[6]
On 19 June 2008 Gillian Merron, the British Minister for International Development, responsible for Africa, visited Mchinji and spoke about maternal health and the challenges faced by residents.[7]
Geography
Mchinji Boma lies at an elevation of 3,877 feet (1,182 m), 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from the Zambian border.[8] It is situated 7.7 miles (12.4 km) away from Katambo, 2.2 miles (3.5 km) away from Kadulama Lambo, 1.4 miles (2.3 km) away from Daka and 2.8 miles (4.5 km) away from Tsumba.
Demographics
Population development
| Year | Population[1] |
|---|---|
| 1987 | 249,843 |
| 1998 | 324,941 |
| 2008 | 458,556 |
Languages
Chichewa is the main language spoken in Mchinji.[9] Senga is spoken by some quarters of the population and
Ngoni is also spoken by some major population surrounding Mchinji Boma
Economy
Mchinji is described as "dirt poor" by The Times.[10] Harvesting rain-fed agriculture is the main occupation in Mchinji, with groundnuts, tobacco, soya and casava beans being the primary cash crops.[11] Maize, yams, velvet beans and pumpkin are prominent food crops.[11] During the dry season, secondary activities are pursued, such as brick-making, beer brewing, bicycle repair and carpentry.[11] Due to a food shortage partially caused by the region's many droughts and partially caused by poor government planning, a UNDP rural development program was established in Mchinji.[11] Mchinji is currently the location of a pilot project of a social cash transfer to benefit very poor members of rural areas.[12]
Politics And Traditional Authority Areas
There are 10 Traditional Authorities namely; Mkanda, Mavwere, Zulu, Mlonyeni, Pitala, Simphasi, Dambe, Kapondo, Mduwa and Nyoka.
The Members for the Malawian National Assembly are six in total. They are for Honorable Ellen Chisale for Mchinji East Constituency (in Traditional Authorities Mduwa and Nyoka), Honorable Rachel Zulu Mazombwe for Mchinji North Constituency (in Traditional Authorities Mkanda and Pitala), Honorable Alex Chitete for Mchinji North East Constituency (in Traditional Authorities Kapondo and Dambe), Honorable Jerome Waluza for Mchinji South Constituency (in Traditional Authority Mavwere), Honorable Mussa Banda for Mchinji South West Constituency (in Traditional authority Mlonyeni), and Honorable Teleza Mwale for Mchinji West Constituency (in Traditional Authorities Zulu and Simphasi). The members are from the Peoples Party, Malawi Congress Party and Democrat Progressive Party
Orphanage
The Mchinji Mission Orphanage, popularly known as the "Home of Hope", is one of the largest children's homes in Malawi.[13] Reverend Thomson Chipeta, remembering losing both his parents, brought orphaned children into his home in 1992 and construction of an orphanage began in 1998.[13] As of 2007, there are six large residential houses, a dining/assembly hall, a clinic, classrooms for nursery, primary and secondary classes, and staff housing.[13] "Baby David" lived in the orphanage prior to being adopted by Madonna.[4] The children are divided into different houses and each house has its own 'amayi'. An amayi acts as the house mother for the children. Each morning all the children must attend a daily devotion, in which there will be lots of singing and prayers. Following the devotion ceremony the children will all line up outside the 'kitchen' where they will get nsima for their breakfast. Nsima, maize and beans is typically what they will eat for every meal. Not all children living at the orphanage are 'orphans', many still have family however they are unable to provide basic necessities so they send them to Home of Hope. During summer vacation and other holidays many of the children will return to their villages to spend time with their family.
Education
The "Home of Hope" provides a primary school to its residents.[13] Due to a shortage in secondary schools in Malawi, the orphanage built one in January 2006 to cater to all residents in the surrounding area.[13] Children are taught in smaller groups than at government schools and have November and December off.[13] In March 2007, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) donated 600 textbooks to that secondary school.[14] In 2014, American charitable organisation Youth of Malawi, Inc. built a solar-rain water harvesting primary school in Chimphamba Village, Mchinji, for 180 first and second graders.
Religion
There is a Presbyterian church in Mchinji.[13] Kapiri Parish a catholic church is found in west of Mchinji Boma via M18 road from Kamwendo to Kapiri trading centre
Medical
Mchinji Hospital is the only medical facility for several miles.[15] According to actress Claire Sweeney, mothers "only come here if their children are really sick because work on the farm nearly always comes first."[15] As of 2008, the children's ward of the hospital contains 185 children suffering from malaria, pneumonia or anaemia.[16] Patients at the hospital are fed a blend of milk, protein and medicine.[15] The hospital does not have beds for those accompanying the sick, cooking or washing facilities, although in early 2008 a brick shelter was created to protect parents from nature.[16]
Transport
Mchinji was previously the railhead nearest the Zambian border, after the 570-mile (920 km) railway from Lilongwe was extended to Mchinji in 1980.[17] In September 2010, an extension to the Zambian border town of Chipata was opened, providing a new rail access point to Zambia via Mchinji. [18][19] The idea of a Mchinji-Chipata railway was conceived in 1982 as part of a bilateral project between Zambia and Malawi, and the Malawi section of the railroad was completed in 1984, though Zambia did not actively pursue the project until 2006.[20]
Minibuses run from Mchinji to Lilongwe, and local shared taxis can be taken from Mchingi to the Zambian border.[8] A water transport system existed from Lilongwe to Mchinji, though Bakili Muluzi favoured road transport and the system was dropped.[21] The nearest airport is at Lilongwe, 47 miles (76 km) away, although there is a closer airstrip at Chipata.
References
- 1 2 "Malawi: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population". World Gazetteer. Retrieved 25 June 2008.
- ↑ Morris, Brian (2000). Animals and Ancestors: An Ethnography. Berg Publishers. p. 33. ISBN 1-85973-491-X.
- 1 2 3 "Today in Earthquake History-March 10". United States Geological Survey. 31 January 2008. Archived from the original on 21 April 2008. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
- 1 2 Tenthani, Raphael (16 October 2006). "Madonna adoption divides Malawi". BBC News. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
- ↑ "Madonna Adoption Plans Trigger Broad Backlash". Reuters Wire Services. 17 October 2006. Archived from the original on 23 April 2008. Retrieved 23 February 2008.
- ↑ Tenthani, Raphael (3 September 2007). "Upset in Madonna's Malawi Adoption Case". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 23 April 2008. Retrieved 23 February 2008.
- ↑ "Britain urges Malawi to hold free, fair polls". Nyasa Times. 19 June 2008. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
- 1 2 Murphy, Alan; Armstrong, Kate; Firestone, Matthew D.; Fitzpatrick, Mary (2007). Lonely Planet Southern Africa: Join the Safari. Lonely Planet. p. 233. ISBN 1-74059-745-1.
- ↑ Baldauf, Richard B.; Kaplan, Robert (2004). Language Planning and Policy in Africa: Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique and South Africa. p. 85. ISBN 1-85359-725-2.
- ↑ Clayton, Jonathan (12 October 2006). "Madonna's boy flies out amid fears for the babies left behind". The Times.
- 1 2 3 4 Digby, Bob; Bermingham, Susan (2000). Changing Environments. Heinemann. p. 194. ISBN 0-435-35246-6.
- ↑ Nankhonya, Jacob (30 June 2006). "Govt to introduce pension for the aged". The Daily Times. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Home of Hope". Malawi Orphan Fund. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
- ↑ "USAID Donates Books to Mchinji". AllAfrica. 27 March 2006. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
- 1 2 3 "Malawi: the Children's Hospital". BBC News. 28 February 2003. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
- 1 2 Mathiason, Nick (27 January 2008). "Fair trade hopes take root". The Observer. The Guardian. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
- ↑ "Malawi: Transportation". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 20 June 2008.
- ↑ "Extending Beyond Chipata". Railways Africa. 2 November 2007. Retrieved 25 June 2008.
- ↑ "Railway Gazette: News in Brief". Retrieved 26 September 2010.
- ↑ Lungu, Andrew (5 October 2007). "Defining Chipata-Mchinji Rail". The Times of Zambia. AllAfrica. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
- ↑ Manda, Levi Zeleza (23 June 2008). "Turn roadblocks into tollgates". Nyasa Times. Archived from the original on 26 June 2008. Retrieved 26 June 2008.