Michael Foster (physiologist)

Sir Michael Foster
Michael Foster
Born	8 March 1836 Huntingdon, England
Died	29 January 1907 (aged 70) London, England
Nationality	British
Fields	Physiologist
Institutions	University College London University of Cambridge
Alma mater	University College School
Academic advisors	Thomas Henry Huxley William Sharpey
Notable students	John Newport Langley Charles Scott Sherrington
Known for	Textbook of Physiology (1876)
Influenced	Henry Newell Martin Keith Lucas

Sir Michael Foster, KCB, DCL, MD (8 March 1836 – 29 January 1907) was an English physiologist.^[1] He was instrumental in organizing the Cambridge Biological School and acted as Secretary of the Royal Society.

Biography

Foster was born in Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, in March 1836, the son of Michael Foster, FRCS. He was educated at Huntingdon Grammar school and University College School, London. After graduating in medicine in 1859, he began to practise in his native town, but in 1867 he returned to London as teacher of practical physiology at University College London, where two years afterwards he became professor. In 1870 he was appointed by Trinity College, Cambridge, to its praelectorship in physiology, and thirteen years later he became the first occupant of the newly created chair of physiology in the university, holding it till 1903.^[2] One of his most famous students at Cambridge was Charles Scott Sherrington who went on to win the Nobel Prize in 1932.

He married first, in 1864, Georgina Edmonds, daughter of Cyrus Read Edmonds. Following her death in 1869, he married secondly, in 1872, Margaret Rust, daughter of George Rust, JP, of Huntingdon.

Career

Sir Michael Foster by John Collier

He excelled as a teacher and administrator, and had a very large share in the organization and development of the Cambridge biological school. From 1881 to 1903 he was one of the secretaries of the Royal Society, and in that capacity exercised a wide influence on the study of biology in Britain. In the 1899 Birthday Honours, he was created a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB),^[3] and served as president of the British Association at its meeting at Dover in September 1899.

Foster was elected to represent the University of London in parliament in a by-election in February 1900,^[4][5] and returned unopposed in the 1900 general election held later the same year.^[6] He stood for the Liberal Unionist Party, and though returned as a Unionist, his political action was not to be dictated by party considerations, and he gravitated towards Liberalism. He played no prominent part in parliament and at the election of 1906 was defeated.

He was joint editor with E. Ray Lankester of The Scientific Memoirs of Thomas Henry Huxley.^[7] His chief writings were a Textbook of Physiology (1876), which became a standard work, and Lectures on the History of Physiology during the 16th, 17th and 18th Centuries (1901), which consisted of lectures delivered at the Cooper Medical College, San Francisco, in 1900. He died suddenly in London.

Foster was also the binomial author of many iris species.^[8]

One of many irises he introduced includes Iris lineata Foster ex Regel^[9][10] (or A.Regel),^[11] which was originally described and published in Gartenflora (1887),^[9] and later cited in Curtis's Botanical Magazine (1888).^[11]

Iris fosteriana was named in 1881, after Sir Michael Foster by Dr Aitchison, and found in Pendjeh, Turkmenistan.^[13][14]

References

1. "Foster, Sir Michael". Who's Who. Vol. 59. 1907. p. 626.
2. "Foster, Michael (FSTR870M)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
3. The Edinburgh Gazette: no. 11101. p. 589. 13 June 1899. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
4. The London Gazette: no. 27164. p. 999. 13 February 1900.
5. "Election intelligence". The Times (36063). London. 12 February 1900. p. 6.
6. The London Gazette: no. 27244. p. 6772. 6 November 1900. Retrieved 2012-05-31.
7. Addison, Henry Robert; Oakes, Charles Henry; Lawson, William John; Sladen, Douglas Brooke Wheelton (1907). "FOSTER, Sir Michael". Who's Who. Vol. 59. p. 626.
8. "Hybridizer Sir Michael Foster". wiki.irises.org. 18 May 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2014.
9. Iris lineata was originally described and published in Gartenflora XXXXVI. (1887) 201, t. 1244. "Name – Iris lineata Foster ex Regel". Tropicos. Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
10. "Plant Name Details for Iris lineata Foster ex Regel". IPNI. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
11. Joseph Dalton Hooker (1 December 1888). "IRIS Suwarawi". Curtis's Botanical Magazine. Vol. XLIV. London: L. Reeve & Co. p. Tab 7029. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
12. IPNI.  Foster.
13. Foster, Michael (1945). "Bulbous Irises". Forgotten Books. pp. 44–45. Retrieved 20 August 2014.
14. Ray Desmond (25 Feb 1994) Dictionary Of British And Irish Botantists And Horticulturalists Including plant collectors, flower painters and garden designers, p. 258, at Google Books

Bibliography

• Hawgood, Barbara J (2008). "Sir Michael Foster MD FRS (1836–1907): the rise of the British school of physiology". Journal of Medical Biography. England. 16 (4): 221–6. doi:10.1258/jmb.2008.008009. PMID 18952994.

Attribution

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Foster, Sir Michael". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

External links

• Biography and bibliography in the Virtual Laboratory of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science
• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Michael Foster
• History of Physiology during the Sixteenth, Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. Cambridge U. Press. 1901.
• Obituary in The Journal of Physiology
• Photograph of Sir Michael's residence, Nine Wells House, Great Shelford. This house used to have an extensive iris garden planted by Sir Michael, but the iris garden was lost during WW II.
• Sir Michael Foster works @Google Books