Monascus purpureus

Red yeast rice: white rice fermented with Monascus pupureus
Monascus purpureus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Eurotiomycetidae
Order: Incertae sedis
Family: Monascaceae
Genus: Monascus
Species: M. purpureus
Binomial name
Monascus purpureus
(Went, 1895)

Monascus purpureus (syn. M. albidus, M. anka, M. araneosus, M. major, M. rubiginosus, and M. vini; simplified Chinese: 红曲菌; traditional Chinese: 紅麴菌; pinyin: hóng qū jùn, lit. "red yeast") is a species of mold that is purplish-red in color. It is also known by the names ang-khak rice mold, corn silage mold, maize silage mold, and rice kernel discoloration.

Growth

During growth, Monascus spp. breaks down starch substrate into several metabolites, including pigments produced as secondary metabolites. The structure of pigments depends on type of substrate and other specific factors during culture such as pH, temperature, and moisture content.[1][2]

Importance

This fungus is most important because of its use, in the form of red yeast rice, in the production of certain fermented foods in China. However, discoveries of cholesterol-lowering statins produced by the mold has prompted research into its possible medical uses. It produces a number of statins. The naturally occurring lovastatins and analogs are called monacolins K, L, J, and also occur in their hydroxyl acid forms along with dehydroxymonacolin and compactin (mevastatin). The prescription drug lovastatin, identical to monacolin K, is the principal statin produced by Monascus purpureus. Only the open-ring (hydroxy acid) form is pharmacologically active.

Commercial Species

The related fungi Monascus ruber and Monascus pilosus are also used in industrial applications.[3]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Chiang Mai Journal of Science
  2. ↑ Idosi Publication
  3. ↑ Panda BP, Javed S, Ali M (2010). "Production of Angkak Through Co-Culture of Monascus Purpureus and MONASCUS RUBER.". Braz J Microbiol. 41 (3): 757–64. doi:10.1590/S1517-83822010000300028. PMC 3768636Freely accessible. PMID 24031553.

Bibhu Prasad Panda, Saleem Javed, Mohd. Ali (2010) Optimization of fermentation parameters for higher lovastatin production in red mold rice through co-culture of Monascus purpureus and Monascus ruber. Food and Bioprocess Technology,Vol. 3, no.3, 373-378


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