Mucor indicus
| Mucor indicus | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Zygomycota |
| Class: | Zygomycetes |
| Order: | Mucorales |
| Family: | Mucoraceae |
| Genus: | Mucor |
| Species: | indicus |
M. indicus, also known as (source, this is not consistent with MycoBank) M. rouxii, Amylomyces rouxii, and Chlamydomucor rouxii, is among the most important members of zygomycetes fungi. This dimorphic fungus is capable of production of several valuable products.
Some strains of the fungus have been isolated from a traditional Indonesian food called tempeh. M. indicus is nowadays used for production of several homemade food and beverages especially in Asia. This has also been successfully used as a safe nutritional source for fish and rat. The fungus is generally regarded as safe (GRAS) though there are few reports claiming that this is a pathogenic fungus. Probably, the pathogenicity of the fungus is strain dependent.
The capability of the fungus in production of ethanol is comparable with that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Fortunately, unlike S. cerevisiae, M. indicus ferments pentoses as well as hexoses and therefore this can be used for production of ethanol from lignocellulosic materials
The cell wall of the fungus contains considerable amounts of chitosan. Moreover, the fungus is classified as an oil producing fungus. Hence, the biomass of the fungus is considered as a rich source for production of chitosan and polyunsaturated fatty acids especially γ-linolenic acid (Omega-6).
The autolysate of the fungus has a high nutritional value and can replace yeast extract in microbial cultivations.
References
- K. Karimi, A. Zamani, Mucor indicus: Biology and industrial applications perspectives: A review, Biotechnology Advances, 2013. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0734-9750(13)00011-6
- A. Zamani, Superabsorbent polymers from the cell wall of zygomycetes fungi Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, PhD thesis, 2010.
- L.Edebo, Zygomycetes for fish feed. USP 0136617 A1. 2009.
- K. Karimi, L. Edebo, and MJ. Taherzadeh, Mucor indicus as a biofilter and fermenting organism in continuous ethanol production from lignocellulosic hydrolyzate, Biochemical Engineering Journal, 39(2), 383-388, 2008.
- M. Sharifia, K. Karimi, MJ. Taherzadeh, Production of ethanol by filamentous and yeast-like forms of Mucor indicus from fructose, glucose, sucrose, and molasses, Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 35(11), 1253-9, 2008.
- K. Karimi, G. Emtiazi, MJ. Taherzadeh, Production of ethanol and mycelial biomass from rice straw hemicellulose hydrolyzate by Mucor indicus, Process Biochemistry, 41(3), 653-658, 2006.
- S. Bartnicki-Garcia, Symposium on biochemical bases of morphogenesis in fungi. III. Mold-yeast dimorphism of Mucor. Bacteriological Reviews 27, 293-304, 1963.