Rosa multiflora
| Rosa multiflora | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Rosaceae |
| Genus: | Rosa |
| Species: | R. multiflora |
| Binomial name | |
| Rosa multiflora Thunb. | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Rosa multiflora, commonly known by its synonym Rosa polyantha[2] and as multiflora rose,[3] baby rose,[3] Japanese rose,[3] many-flowered rose,[3] seven-sisters rose,[3] Eijitsu rose, is a species of rose native to eastern Asia, in China, Japan and Korea. It should not be confused with Rosa rugosa, which is also known as "Japanese rose", or with polyantha roses which are garden cultivars derived from hybrids of R. multiflora.
It is a scrambling shrub climbing over other plants to a height of 3–5 m, with stout stems with recurved prickles (sometimes absent). The leaves are 5–10 cm long, compound, with 5–9 leaflets and feathered stipules. The flowers are produced in large corymbs, each flower small, 1.5–4 cm diameter, white or pink, borne in early summer. The hips are reddish to purple, 6–8 mm diameter.
Two varieties are accepted by the Flora of China:
- Rosa multiflora var. multiflora. Flowers white, 1.5–2 cm diameter.
- Rosa multiflora var. cathayensis Rehder & E.H.Wilson. Flowers pink, to 4 cm diameter.cost about 100 million a year
Cultivation and uses
Rosa multiflora is grown as an ornamental plant, and also used as a rootstock for grafted ornamental rose cultivars.
In eastern North America, Rosa multiflora is now generally considered an invasive species, though it was originally introduced from Asia as a soil conservation measure, as a natural hedge to border grazing land, and to attract wildlife. It is readily distinguished from American native roses by its large inflorescences, which bear multiple flowers and hips, often more than a dozen, while the American species bear only one or a few on a branch.
Some places classify Rosa multiflora as a "noxious weed".[4] In grazing areas, this rose is generally considered to be a serious pest, though it is considered excellent fodder for goats.
Management
The targeted removal of multiflora rose often requires an aggressive technique, such as the full removal of the plant in addition to the root structure. Pruning and cutting back of the plant often leads to re-sprouting. Two natural biological controls include the rose rosette disease and the rose seed chalid (Megastigmus aculeastus var. nigroflavus).[5] Patches of introduce multiflora rose in Pennsylvania are displaying symptoms of rose rosette disease, which can lead to decline and death.[6]
References
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rosa multiflora. |
- Flora of China: Rosa multiflora
- Carole Bergmann, Montgomery County Department of Parks, Silver Spring, MD. and Jil M. Swearingen, U.S. National Park Service, Washington, DC. "Multiflora rose". U.S. National Park Service. Retrieved March 27, 2006.
- ↑ "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". Retrieved April 27, 2014.
- ↑ Roger Phillips; Martyn Rix (2004). The Ultimate Guide to Roses. Pan Macmillan Ltd. p. 262. ISBN 1 4050 4920 0.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "USDA GRIN taxonomy".
- ↑ "Multiflora rose: Rosa multiflora Thunb. Rose family (Rosaceae)". Plant Conservation Alliance, Alien Plant Working Group.
- ↑ "Multiflora Rose Control". Missouri department of conservation. Retrieved 14 Sep 2014.
- ↑ "Multiflora Rose: The Mixed Blessings of Rose Rosette Disease". Retrieved March 19, 2016.
External links
- Species Profile- Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora), National Invasive Species Information Center, United States National Agricultural Library. Lists general information and resources for Multiflora Rose.