Mutassim Gaddafi

Mutassim-Billah al-Gaddafi مُعْتَصِمٌ بِٱللهِ ٱلْقَذَّافِيّ
National Security Advisor of Libya
In office 2008–2011
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Position abolished
Personal details
Born	18 December 1974 Tripoli, Libyan Arab Republic
Died	20 October 2011 (aged 36) Misrata, Libya
Resting place	Libyan Desert
Religion	Islam
Military service
Allegiance	Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Service/branch	Libyan Army
Years of service	2008–2011
Rank	Lieutenant Colonel
Commands	Brega
Battles/wars	Libyan Civil War * Battle of Sirte

Al-Mutassim-Billah Muammar al-Gaddafi (Arabic: مُعْتَصِمٌ بِٱللهِ ٱلْقَذَّافِيّ‎‎, also transliterated as Al-Moa'tassem Bellah or Al-Mu'tasim-bi-'llah; 18 December 1974^[1] – 20 October 2011) was a Libyan Army officer, and the National Security Advisor of Libya from 2008 until 2011.^[2] He was the fourth son of former Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, and a member of his father's inner circle.^[3][4][5][6] His mother was Safia Farkash. He was captured during the Battle of Sirte by NATO funded anti-Gaddafi forces, and died along with his father.

Role in Libyan politics

Negotiations with the US

In April 2009, Mutassim Gaddafi met U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, the highest-level diplomatic exchange between the two countries since they resumed diplomatic relations several years earlier.^[7] For Gaddafi, it was a serious display of his new responsibilities as the National Security Advisor. He overreached his role as NSA in 2008 by requesting $1.2 billion from the National Oil Corporation to form his own special forces brigade.^[8]

Mutassim Gaddafi met U.S. Senators John McCain and Joseph Lieberman in 2009, expressing a strong need for military support in Libya. Gaddafi warned, "There are 60 million Algerians to the West, 80 million Egyptians to the East, we have Europe in front of us, and we face Sub-Saharan Africa with its problems to the South." He was concerned about upgrading Libya's military equipment, and said he could purchase arms from Russia and China, but wanted to buy materiel from the United States.^[9]

Possible successor

Mutassim Gaddafi lived in Egypt for several years after allegedly attempting to take control of Libya from his father. His return led to a reconciliation with his father and a high-ranking position as National Security Advisor of Libya. In 2009, a story linking Mutassim Gaddafi to the death of Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi was published in Libyan newspaper Oea with permission from his brother Saif al-Islam.^[2]

Libyan civil war

During the Libyan Civil War, Gaddafi commanded the units in the Brega region notably during the Battle of Brega–Ajdabiya road and the skirmishes in the area. He had been subject to a travel ban and an asset freeze over his close links and membership of his father's inner circle.^[10]

Gaddafi was allegedly in Tripoli in the Bab al-Azizia compound, and assisting in commanding what remained of pro-Gaddafi forces in the city during the Battle of Tripoli.

He commanded the loyalist forces in their unsuccessful defense of Sirte, Muammar Gaddafi's hometown,^[11] until the city fell.

Personal life

He was the fourth son of Muammar Gaddafi by his second wife, Safia Farkash. According to his ex-girlfriend, Talitha van Zon, Mutassim Gaddafi paid for Beyoncé and Mariah Carey to sing at his parties.^[12] Model Vanessa Hessler also admitted to a four-year relationship with him, and she continued to defend him after his death.^[13]

Death

Mutassim Gaddafi was captured when Sirte fell on 20 October 2011. NTC commanders at the front in Sirte and officials in Tripoli claimed that he was captured as he was trying to leave the city in a family car, and sent off to Benghazi.^[14]

Published film and photographs of Mutassim Gaddafi indicate that he was unconscious and injured—the front of his shirt was heavily stained with blood—but alive when he was captured by a group of young men appearing to be in their late teens or early twenties after apparently succumbing to nerve gas. He was made to drink water and requested a cigarette.^[15][16] Later photographs released by Saudi TV channel Al Arabiya show Mutassim Gaddafi lying dead on a hospital bed, with gaping wounds in his throat and abdomen and one of his arms had been dislocated. Amateur photographs and videos showed his young captors and others defiling his corpse after his death. Like his father, he was denied the dignity of an Islamic burial within a day after death, in contravention of the law.^[17][18]

References

1. "Mutassim's ID Card". Arabic Forum. 20 March 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
2. Kohlmann, Evan (October 2009). "Ibn al-Sheikh al-Libi: October 2009" (PDF). NEFA Foundation. Retrieved 5 October 2009.
3. "Inside Gaddafi's inner circle". Al Jazeera. 27 February 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
4. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (2011-02-26). "UN Security Council, Security Council resolution 1970 (2011), 26 February 2011". Unhcr.org. Retrieved 2014-04-26.
5. "Schweizerischer Bundesrat: Verordnung über Massnahmen gegen gewisse Personen aus Libyen vom 21 February 2011" (PDF). Retrieved 2014-04-26.
6. Spencer, Richard. "Libya: Who's who in Gaddafi's inner circle". The Telegraph. Retrieved 2014-04-26.
7. "Photo: Secretary Clinton With Libyan National Security Adviser Dr. Mutassim Qadhafi". U.S. Department of State. 21 April 2009.
8. "MUATASSIM'S WASHINGTON DEBUT: BURNISHING HIS IMAGE AND TESTING U.S. WATERS TRIPOLI 00000310 001.2 OF 004". The Telegraph. London. 31 January 2011.
9. "CODEL MCCAIN MEETS MUAMMAR AND MUATASSIM AL-QADHAFI". The Telegraph. London. 31 January 2011.
10. "Gaddafi funds frozen". Metro US. 27 February 2011. Retrieved 27 August 2011.
11. "TV: Gaddafi son Al Mutassim in Tripoli compound". Silobreaker. 22 August 2011.
12. "Gaddafi dead: Dictator's son Mutassim pictured moments before execution - Daily Mail Online". Mail Online.
13. ABC News. "Model Vanessa Hessler Defends Gadhafis, Loses Job - ABC News". ABC News.
14. Farmer, Ben; Sherlock, Ruth (12 October 2011). "Libya: Col Gaddafi's son Mutassim 'captured trying to flee Sirte'". The Telegraph. Sirte. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
15. "Amateur video shows Gaddafi son Mutassim alive after Sirte capture". The Daily Telegraph. 20 October 2011.
16. Graham, Sarah (21 October 2011). "A last cigarette and a swig of water, Gaddafi's son Mutassim pictured before he too died of new wounds acquired in captivity". Daily Mail. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
17. "End of an era for Libya: Qaddafi is killed in Sirte". Al Arabiya News. 20 October 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
18. "New video moments after the capture of Mutassim Gaddafi (Sirte,Libya)". LiveLeak. 20 October 2011. Retrieved 19 December 2012.