Nataniel Aguirre

Nataniel Aguirre
Born (1843-10-10)October 10, 1843
Cochabamba, Bolivia
Died September 11, 1888(1888-09-11) (aged 44)
Montevideo, Uruguay
Occupation Writer, politician, diplomat
Nationality Bolivian
Genre Novel
Notable works Juan de la Rosa
Spouse Margarita Achá
Children 9
Relatives
Miguel María de Aguirre (Father)
María Manuela González de Prada (Mother)

Nataniel Aguirre (Cochabamba, Bolivia, October 10, 1843 – Montevideo, Uruguay, September 11, 1888), was a prominent Bolivian lawyer, diplomat, politician, writer, and historian. Menéndez y Pelayo considers his novel Juan de la Rosa the best 19th century novel in Spanish America.[1]

Early life

Born in the Hacienda de Huayllani, in the department of Cochabamba, the fourth of five children, he was the son of the financier and Bolivian politician Miguel María de Aguirre and María Manuela González de Prada, who died when he was only three years old.

He finished high school in Sucre in 1857 and shortly afterwards met Margarita de Achá, daughter of the president José María de Achá. Aguirre adored her and dedicated a heartfelt poem to her, and then married her on March 30, 1864 after graduating law school. Their marriage begot nine children, one of which, José, also became a writer and politician.

Margarita de Achá, Aguirre's wife

Studies and politics

Aguirre studied law in the Universidad Mayor de San Simón.[2] and already practiced journalism when he was a student; in 1862 he founded El Independiente, where he wrote for one column.

The same year he married and received his law degree he was named secretary of the Bolivian Delegation in Lima. The González Prada family, relatives of Aguirre on his mother's side, introduced him to intellectual and political circles in Peru. Also in 1864 he wrote a play called Visionarios y mártires, about two characters —the Peruvian patriots Manuel Ubalde and Gabriel Aguilar— who in 1805 had conceived in Cuzco the idea of independence of the homeland.

The following year he returned to Bolivia to contribute to the forces of his father-in-law, who had been overthrown by the military coup of Mariano Melgarejo, whose tyranny he actively fought against, participating in the fight of Cantería and other battles.

He also participated, after the violent death of the dictator Agustín Morales, in the Constituent Assembly of 1871, and in the provocative debates between the unitarians, the encabezados led by Evaristo del Valle, and the federalists of Lucas Mendoza de la Tapia, where, after some hesitation, the tendency that appeared most just to Aguirre, were the ideas of the liberals. He was the representative for Chapare Province —whose 1872 constitution he helped make—, member of the President's Council of State Tomás Frías (1872) and prefect of Cochabamba (1879). In 1879 he left for the War of the Pacific and led the squadron Vanguardia. He directed the Convention of 1880, which ratified in full conflict with Narciso Campero as the constitutional president. At it he was named first Minister of War and then Minister of Foreign Relations. In this position he negotiated in 1884 the Pact of Truce between Bolivia and Chile of 1884 with Chile even though he was personally in favor of continuing the war.[3]

His ideas about society were advanced at the time; he defended the necessity of a large agrarian reform and supported the indigenous people. He once said: “Hagamos del pobre indio un ciudadano como nosotros” (We will make the poor Indian a citizen like us). In 1885, the same year of the foundation of the Liberal Party, he was made the leader for it in Cochabamba.

Literature

Member of the Generación de 1880, among whose works stood out were Represalia del Héroe, Biografía de Francisco Burdett O'Connor, Bolivia en la Guerra del Pacífico and the novel that was made famous, Juan de la Rosa. This novel —originally published with the title Cochabamba. Memoirs of the Last Soldier of the Independence Movement and whose authorship was doubted—,[4] is, according to critics and experts, one of the fundamentals of Bolivian literature.[2] He also wrote plays and poems.

Later life

He died in Montevideo, on the way to Brazil, where the government of Gregorio Pacheco had sent him as plenipotentiary minister to the court of Pedro II. His remains were repatriated to Cochabamba, where they are buried now in the mausoleum of the public cemetery.

Works

References

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  1. ↑ Hyalmar Blixen. Nataniel Aguirre: entre el romanticismo y el realismo, originally published in the newspaper Lea, Montevideo, 15.10.1988 and reproduced on the website Letras Uruguay; acceso 01.01.2013
  2. 1 2 Encuesta de Carlos D. Mesa Gisbert, Las 10 mejores novelas de la literatura boliviana: la vuelta a la literatura en diez mundos, Plural Editores, 2004
  3. ↑ Alba María Paz Soldán. Cronología de Nataliel Aguirre, in the edicion of Juan de la Rosa from Biblioteca Ayacucho (Nº222), Editorial Latina, Caracas, Venezuela, 2005
  4. 1 2 Gustavo V. García. Nataniel Aguirre no es el autor de ‘Juan de la Rosa’, article originally published in La Razón, 19.09.2010 and reproduced by Ecdotica, 26.10.2010; acceso 02.01.2013
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