Nomatsiguenga language

Nomatsiguenga
Native to	Perú
Ethnicity	Machiguenga
Native speakers	6,500 (2003)[1]
Language family	Arawakan Southern Campa Matsigenka Nomatsiguenga
Language codes
ISO 639-3	not
Glottolog	noma1263[2]

Nomatsiguenga (Matsigenka) is an Arawakan language of Peru. It is close enough to Machiguenga to sometimes be considered dialects of a single language, especially given that both are spoken by the Machiguenga people. Most speakers are monolingual.

Grammar

Nomatsiguenga is one of the few languages in the world that has two different causative mechanisms to denote whether the causer was involved in the activity with the causee or not. The prefix ogi- is used to express the idea that the causer was not involved in the activity, while the suffix -hag is used when the causer is involved.^[3]

y-ogi-monti-ë-ri	i-tomi
3sg+M-CAUS1-cross.river-NON.FUT-3sg+M	3sg+M-son
"He made his son cross the river (he told him to)."

y-monti-a-hag-ë-ri	i-tomi
3sg+M-cross.river-EPENTHETIC-CAUS2-NON.FUT-3sg+M	3sg+M-son
"He made his son cross the river (he helped him across)."

References

1. Nomatsiguenga at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Nomatsiguenga". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
3. Wise, M.R. (1986). "Grammatical characteristics of PreAndine Arawaken languages of Preu." pg. 567–642. In Derbyshire, D. C. & Pullum, G. K., eds. (1986). Handbook of Amazonian languages, Vol. 1'. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Cited in Dixon, R.M.W. (2000). "A Typology of Causatives: Form, Syntax, and Meaning". In Dixon, R.M.W. & Aikhenvald, Alexendra Y. Changing Valency: Case Studies in Transitivity. Cambridge University Press.