Northern Athabaskan languages

Northern Athabascan
Ethnicity: Dene
Geographic
distribution:		 Alaska, Yukon
Linguistic classification:

Dené–Yeniseian?

Glottolog: nort2940[1]

Northern Athabaskan is a geographic sub-grouping of the Athabaskan language family spoken by indigenous peoples in the northern part of North America, particularly in Alaska (Alaskan Athabaskans), the Yukon and the Northwest Territories. The Northern Athabaskan languages consist of 31 languages that can be divided into seven geographic subgroups.

Southern Alaskan

1. Ahtna (AKA Atna, Ahtena, Copper River)
  • Central Copper River Ahtna
  • Lower Copper River Ahtna
  • Mentasta (AKA Upper Ahtna)
  • Western Ahtna
2. Dena’ina (AKA Tanaina)
  • Lower Inlet Dena’ina
- Outer Inlet
- Iliamna
- Inland
  • Upper Inlet Dena’ina

Central Alaska–Yukon

A. Koyukon

3. Deg Xinag (AKA Deg Hit'an, Kaiyuhkhotana, Ingalik)
  • Lower Yukon River
  • Middle Kuskokwin
4. Holikachuk (AKA Innoko, Innoka-khotana, Tlëgon-khotana)
5. Koyukon (AKA Ten’a, Co-Youkon, Co-yukon)
  • Lower Koyukon (AKA Lower Yukon Koyukon)
  • Central Koyukon (AKA Dinaakkanaaga Ts’inh Huyoza, Koyukuk River Koyukon)
  • Upper Koyukon (AKA Upper Yukon Koyukon)

B. Tanana–Tutchone

6. Upper Kuskokwim (AKA Kolchan, Goltsan)
I. Tanana
7. Lower Tanana (AKA Tanana, Minto, Dandey in, Dineh su, Tananatana)
  • Minto-Tolovana-Toklat-Nenana-Wood River
- Minto-Tolovana
- Toklat
- Nenana
- Wood River
  • Chena
  • Salcha-Goodpastor
8. Tanacross (AKA Tanana, Dandey in, Dineh su, Tananatana)
9. Upper Tanana (AKA Tanana, Dandey in, Dineh su, Tananatana)
  • Nabesna
  • Tetlin
  • Northway
  • Scottie Creek
  • Canadian Upper Tanana
II. Tutchone (AKA Gens de Bois, Gunana, Nahane, Nahani, Tutchonekutchin)
10. Southern Tutchone (sometimes considered to be just a dialect)
11. Northern Tutchone (AKA Mayo) (sometimes considered to be just a dialect)

C. Kutchin–Han

12. Gwich’in (AKA Gwitch’in, Kutchin, Kootchin, Loucheux, Loucheaux, Takudh, Tukudh, "Quarrelers")
  • Alaskan Gwich’in (AKA Western Gwich’in)
  • Canadian Gwich’in (AKA Eastern Gwich’in)
13. Hän (AKA Han, Moosehide, Dawson, Gens du Fou, Han Gwich-in, Han-Kootchin, Hankutchin)

Northwestern Canada

A. Cordillera

I. Central Cordillera (AKA Tahltan-Tagish-Kaska)
14. Tagish (AKA Gunana, Nahane, Nahani, Si-him-E-na, "Stick Indians", Tagisch, Tahgish, Tahkeesh, Tahk-heesh)
15. Tahltan (AKA Nahanni, Keyehotine, Nahane, Nahani, Tahl-tan, Tatltan, Ticaxhanoten, Toltan)
16. Kaska (AKA Nahanni, Nahane, Nahani, Cassiar)
II. Southeastern Cordillera
17. Sekani
18. Danezaa (AKA Beaver, Tsattine, Dunne-za, Deneza, Gens de Castor)

B. Mackenzie

I. Slavey–Hare (AKA Slave)
19. Slavey (AKA Slavey proper, South Slavey, Southern Slavey, Dene Tha, Esclave, Nahane, Nahani, Slave)
20. Mountain (AKA Montagnards, Nahane, Nahani, Sih gotine, Sihta gotine)
21. Bearlake (AKA Satudine, Sahtu gotine, Bear Lake)
22. Hare (AKA Kawchottine, Ka so gotine, Kancho, Kawchodinneh, Rabbitskins, Ta-na-tin-ne)
23. Dogrib (AKA Tli Cho, Tłįchǫ or Thlingchadine)

C. Chipewyan

24. Dene Suline (AKA Chipewyan, Dëne Sųłiné, Dene, Yellowknife, Montagnais, "Northern Indians", Copper Indians, Coppermine Indians, Mithcocoman, Red Knife, T’atsan ottine, Tatsotine, Yellow Knife)

Tsetsaut

25. Tsetsaut (AKA Ts’ets’aut, Nahane, Nahani, Portland Canal, Wetalth)

Central British Columbia

26. Babine-Witsuwit'en (AKA North Carrier, Babine Carrier, Northern Carrier, Bulkley Valley, Lakes District, Western Carrier)
  • Babine (AKA Nadot’en, Nedut’en, Nat’oot’en)
  • Takla
  • Witsuwit’en (AKA Wetsuwet’en, Wets’uwet’en, Wet’suwet’en)
  • Moricetown
  • Francois Lake
27. Dakelh (AKA Carrier, Dakelhne, Takelne, Takulli, Taculli, Takulie, Porteur, Nagailer)
  • Central Carrier (AKA Upper Carrier)
  • Southern Carrier (AKA Lower Carrier)
28. Chilcotin (AKA Tsilhqot’in, Tinneh, Chilkhodins, Tsilkotin)
29. Nicola (AKA Stuwix, Nicola-Similkameen) (extinct)

Sarsi

30. Sarsi (AKA Sarcee, Tsuu T’ina, or Tsuut’ina)

Kwalhioqua–Tlatskanai

31. Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie (AKA Kwalhioqua-Tlatskanie)
  • Willapa (AKA Willoopah)
  • Suwal-Clatskanie
- Suwal
- Clatskanie (AKA Tlatskanie)

References

  1. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Northern Athapaskan". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

Bibliography

External links

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