Operation Papillon

A Bearcat of the Aéronavale drops napalm on Viet Minh positions

Date	April 1947
Location	Hòa Bình Province, French Indochina

Belligerents

First Indochina War

Masterdom Haiphong Hanoi Cao Bằng Papillon Léa Ceinture Đông Khê RC4 Vĩnh Yên Mạo Khê Đáy River 1st Nghĩa Lộ Hòa Bình 2nd Nghĩa Lộ Lorraine Nà Sản Bretagne Adolphe Muong Khoua Atlante Camargue Hirondelle Brochet Mouette Pollux Castor Điện Biên Phủ Condor Mang Yang Pass

Operation Papillon (French: butterfly) was a large scale air and ground assault on the Viet Minh at Hòa Bình by the French Army and Air Force in April 1947, during the early stages of the First Indochina War.^[1]^[2]

Notes

↑ Boyne, Walter J. (2002-06-30). Air Warfare: an International Encyclopedia: A-L. ABC-CLIO. p. 320. ISBN 978-1-57607-345-2.
↑ Armitage, M. J.; Mason, R. A. (1983). Air power in the nuclear age. University of Illinois Press. pp. 49–50. ISBN 978-0-252-01030-9.

Printed

Hammer, Ellen Joy (1954). The struggle for Indochina. Stanford University Press.
Buttinger, Joseph (1972). A dragon defiant: a short history of Vietnam. Praeger.
Fall, Bernard B. (1967). Hell in a very small place: the siege of Dien Bien Phu. Lippincott.
Kedward, Rod (2006). La vie en bleu: France and the French since 1900. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-013095-9.
Roy, Jules (1963). The battle of Dienbienphu. Pyramid Books.
Windrow, Martin (2005-12-26). The Last Valley: Dien Bien Phu and the French Defeat in Vietnam. Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-81443-3.
Fall, Bernard B. (1994). Street without joy. Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0-8117-1700-7.
Devillers, Philippe; Lacouture, Jean (1969). End of a war; Indochina, 1954. Praeger.
Fall, Bernard B. (1963). The two Viet-Nams: a political and military analysis. Praeger.

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