Orongo

Map of the location of Orongo on Easter Island

Orongo is a stone village and ceremonial centre at the southwestern tip of Rapa Nui (Easter Island). It consists of a collection of low, sod-covered, windowless, round-walled buildings with even lower doors positioned on the high south-westerly tip of the large volcanic caldera called Rano Kau. Below Orongo on one side a 300-meter barren cliff face drops down to the ocean; on the other, a more-gentle but still very steep grassy slope leads down to a freshwater marsh inside the high caldera.

The first half of the ceremonial village's 53 stone masonry houses was investigated and restored in 1974, with the remainder completed in 1976 and subsequently investigated in 1985 and again in 1995. Orongo now has World Heritage status as part of the Rapa Nui National Park.

History

The 300-meter sheer cliff face of Rano Kau down which egg-hunters would climb to reach the ocean during the annual egg hunt. Orongo is on the very top of the crater's rim on the left.

Between the 18th and mid-19th centuries Orongo was the centre of a birdman cult whose defining ritual was an annual race to bring the first manutara (sooty tern) egg back undamaged from the nearby islet of Motu Nui to Orongo. The race was very dangerous, and hunters often fell to their deaths from the cliff face. The site has numerous petroglyphs, mainly of tangata manu (birdmen) which may have been carved to commemorate some of the winners of this race.

In the 1860s, most of the Rapa Nui islanders died of disease or were enslaved, and when the survivors were converted to Christianity, Orongo fell into disuse. In 1868, the crew of HMS Topaze removed the huge basalt moai known as Hoa Hakananai'a from Orongo. It is now housed in the British Museum.

The site of Orongo was included in the 1996 World Monuments Watch by the World Monuments Fund, and listed again four years later, in 2000. The threat was soil erosion, caused by rainfall and exacerbated by foot traffic.^[1] After 2000, the organization helped devise a site management plan with support from American Express, and in December 2009 more funding was announced for the construction of a sustainable visitor center.^[2]

Houses and location of Orongo
Restored stone houses at Orongo  View from Orongo out to sea. Motu Nui, with the smaller Motu Iti in front and the isolated sea stack of Motu Kau Kau between them and the viewer. Picture taken during January 2004, from Orongo at the Rano Kau volcano, around 250 meters (820 feet) above sea level.  Easter Island map showing Rano Kau, Motu Nui,Orongo, and Mataveri

See also

• Rapa Nui mythology

References

1. World Monuments Fund - Easter Island (Rapa Nui)
2. World Monuments Fund and American Express announce funding for a sustainable visitor reception center on Easter Island, Chile

Resources

• Mulloy, William. Investigation and Restoration of the Ceremonial Center of Orongo. International Fund for Monuments Bulletin No. 4. New York (1975).
• Mulloy, W.T., and S.R. Fischer. 1993. Easter Island Studies: Contributions to the History of Rapanui in Memory of William T. Mulloy. Oxford: Oxbow Books.
• Routledge, Katherine Pease (Scouresby). 1919. The Mystery of Easter Island; the Story of an Expedition. London, Aylesbury, Printed for the author by Hazell, Watson and Viney. ISBN 0-932813-48-8 (1998 US reprint)

External links

• (Spanish) Official Site for Rapa Nui National Park
• Rapa Nui National Park - UNESCO World Heritage Centre
• photos of location, Birdman and houses
• Hoa Hakananai'a at the British Museum

Coordinates: 27°11′22″S 109°26′33″W / 27.18944°S 109.44250°W