Parkstead House

Parkstead House

House façade
Parkstead House
Former names Manresa House
Bessborough House
General information
Architectural style Palladian
Town or city Roehampton
Country United Kingdom
Coordinates 51°26′55″N 0°14′36″W / 51.4487°N 0.2433°W / 51.4487; -0.2433
Groundbreaking 1760
Completed 1768
Owner Whitelands College
Design and construction
Architect William Chambers
Other designers Joseph John Scoles
Frederick Walters
Designations Grade I listed
Website
ParksteadHouse.co.uk

Parkstead House, formerly known as Manresa House and Bessborough House, is a neo-classical Palladian villa in Roehampton, London, built in the 1760s. The house and remaining grounds are now Whitelands College, part of the University of Roehampton. It is situated on Holybourne Avenue, off Roehampton Lane, next to the Richmond Park Golf Course in the London Borough of Wandsworth. On 14 July 1955, it was designated as a Grade I listed building by Historic England.[1]

History

Construction

It was built for The 2nd Earl of Bessborough, an Anglo-Irish peer. Construction on the building started circa 1760, by the architect Sir William Chambers, who also designed Somerset House in London. It was completed in circa 1768. The building was inspired by Chiswick House and Foots Cray Place.[2]

A resident of Parkstead was the wife of The 3rd Earl of Bessborough, Henrietta Ponsonby, Countess of Bessborough, a Whig hostess, gambler and socialite.[3][4] Lady Bessborough had a relationship with Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Earl Granville, which produced two children.[3] She had four children with her husband, Lord Bessborough. These were: John Ponsonby, 4th Earl of Bessborough, Frederick Cavendish Ponsonby, Lady Caroline Lamb and William Ponsonby, 1st Baron de Mauley.[3] On the death of Henrietta, in 1821, the 3rd Earl leased the property to a politician, Abraham Robarts, who made it his permanent home. When Robarts died in 1858, The 5th Earl of Bessborough sold the house and forty-two acres of parkland to the Conservative Land Society for division into smallholdings.[3]

Manresa House

In 1861, the house and 42 acres of surrounding land was sold to the Society of Jesus, the Jesuit religious order. The Jesuits used the building to house their novitiate and a retreat house for Ignatian spirituality. The house was renamed Manresa House after the town in Spain where Ignatius of Loyola developed his Spiritual Exercises. Within the property, the Jesuits created a cemetery. The first burial was in 1867. The cemetery contained only Jesuits, including Alban Goodier SJ, the Archbishop of Bombay from 1919 to 1926.[5] From Manresa House, the Jesuits served the local Catholic congregations. In the following decades, various churches were built staffed by the Jesuits, such as Christ the King Church, Wimbledon Park in 1877, St Joseph Church, Roehampton in 1881, Sacred Heart Church, Wimbledon in 1884, Corpus Christi Church, Brixton in 1886 and St Winefride Church, South Wimbledon in 1904.

In 1860, they commissioned Joseph John Scoles to design the chapel.[2] It was completed after his death, in 1864, by his pupil S.I. Nicholl. In the 1870s, Henry Clutton designed the north aisle which expanded the chapel. Clutton later designed the long gallery connecting the chapel to the refectory in the new north wing, which was built in 1880. In 1885, the south wing, designed by Frederick Walters, were added.[2] It copied the elevation of the north wing. With the completion of these two wings the original stable blocks were demolished.[6]

One of the Jesuits at Manresa House was the poet Gerard Manley Hopkins. He was a novice from September 1868 until September 1870. In the 1950s, London County Council compulsorily purchased the surrounding land and part of the Jesuit land for housing.[6] The last burial in the cemetery was in 1962.[5] By 1962, the Jesuits decided that Manresa would no longer be suitable for a novitiate, when the design of the housing estate was altered to include high rise flats adjacent to their land.[6] They sold the property to the council and the house became part of the Battersea College of Domestic Science. In October 1966 the college was opened by Shirley Williams who also signed the order for its subsequent closure in 1979.[6]

Whitelands College

The house was acquired as the new home of Whitelands College in 2001, which renamed the estate Whitelands College but referred to the original house as Parkstead House once more. It is now part of the University of Roehampton.[7]

Under the guidance of English Heritage the college added extensive new buildings to incorporate lecture theatres, laboratories, classrooms and student facilities.[7]

In the 1880s, Whitelands College, while they were based in Chelsea, commissioned Morris & Co. to make stained glass for their first chapel. This was moved with the college to Putney in 1930. In 2006, the stained glass was moved to Parkstead House. This commissioning of the work happened through the efforts of John Ruskin. In 1883, he wrote to Edward Burne-Jones, on behalf of the college, asking for him and William Morris to do the work. Of the fifteen windows the college received from Morris & Co., twelve were designed by Burne-Jones, and three he made with Morris. Burne-Jones used some of designs he had previously created for the windows showing saints Agnes, Celia, Catherine, Dorothy and Margaret. All of the others were made specifically for the college. In 1886, the reredos behind the altar in the chapel was installed. Although it was designed by William Morris, it was built by Kate Faulkner, sister of Charles Faulkner.[2]

References

  1. ↑ Parkstead House, Wandsworth from British listed buildings, retrieved 17 December 2014
  2. 1 2 3 4 Historic England. "Parkstead House (1357675)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Janet Gleeson An Aristocratic Affair (Bantam Press, 2006).
  4. ↑ Janet Gleeson, Privilege and Scandal: The Remarkable Life of Harriet Spencer, Sister of Georgiana (Crown Publishing Group, 2008).
  5. 1 2 Melissa Melikian, "An archaeological watching brief of the exhumation of the Jesuit Cemetery at Manresa House, Roehampton" from London Archaeologist, Summer 2004, pp. 230-233
  6. 1 2 3 4 Joan P. Alcock, Where generations have trod (London: South Bank Polytechnic, 1979) from Archives Portal Europe, retrieved 18 March 2015
  7. 1 2 Whitelands College from AIM25, retrieved 18 March 2015
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