Parnassiinae

Parnassiinae
Small Apollo (Parnassius phoebus)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Papilionidae
Subfamily:	Parnassiinae
Tribes
Luehdorfiini Parnassiini Zerynthiini

The Parnassiinae or snow Apollos are a subfamily of the swallowtail butterfly family, Papilionidae. The subfamily includes about 50 medium-sized, white or yellow species.^[1] The snow Apollos are high-altitude butterflies and are distributed across Asia, Europe and North America.^[2]

The tribes recognized in the Parnassinae are Parnassiini, Zerynthiini and Luehdorfiini.

Gallery

• 
  Hypermnestra helios
  tribe Parnassiini
• 
  Mountain Apollo
  (Parnassius apollo)
  tribe Parnassiini
• 
  Clouded Apollo
  (Parnassius mnemosyne)
  tribe Parnassiini
• 
  False Apollo
  (Archon apollinus)
  tribe Luehdorfiini
• 
  Japanese luehdorfia
  (Luehdorfia japonica)
  tribe Luehdorfiini
• 
  Southern festoon
  (Zerynthia polyxena)
  tribe Zerythiini
• 
  Eastern festoon
  (Allancastria cerisyi)
  tribe Zerythiini
• 
  Bhutan glory
  (Bhutanitis lidderdalii)
  tribe Zerythiini

Parnassinae Parnassiini Hypermnestra Parnassius Luehdorfiini Archon Doritites bosniackii Luehdorfia Zerythiini Sericinus Bhutanitis Zerynthia Allancastria ? Thaites

A proposed phylogeny of the Parnassius and related groups.[3]

References

1. The Butterflies of North America, James A. Scott, ISBN 0-8047-1205-0, 1986
2. Ackery PR (1975) A guide to the genera and species of Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera:Papilionidae). Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 31, 4 pdf
3. Nazari, V., Zakharov, E.V., and Sperling, F.A.H., 2007. Phylogeny, historical biogeography, and taxonomic ranking of Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) based on morphology and seven genes. Molecular phylogenetics and Evolution, 42: 131-156. pdf Archived June 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.

Further reading

• Glassberg, Jeffrey Butterflies through Binoculars, The West (2001)
• Guppy, Crispin S. and Shepard, Jon H. Butterflies of British Columbia (2001)
• James, David G. and Nunnallee, David Life Histories of Cascadia Butterflies (2011)
• Pelham, Jonathan Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada (2008)
• Pyle, Robert Michael The Butterflies of Cascadia (2002)

External links

• Tree of Life Parnassiinae
• Fauna Europaea
• Parnassius gallery
• Butterflies and Moths of North America
• Butterflies of America