Paternal bond

This article is about the paternal bond. For a definition of the word "paternal", see the Wiktionary entry paternal.

Father playing with his baby

A paternal bond refers to the relationship between a father and his child.^[1] In the U.S., legal paternity is presumed for the husband of the mother unless a separate action is taken; an unmarried man may establish paternity by signing a voluntary recognition of paternity or by taking court action.^[2] Paternity may also be established between a man and a younger person, commonly in adoption, without the two being biologically related.

Fatherhood

The father of a child can develop the bond during the pregnancy of his partner, feeling attachment to the developing child. Research indicates that this may have some biological basis.^[3] Statistics show that fathers' levels of testosterone tend to decline several months before the birth of the child. Since high testosterone levels seem to encourage more aggressive behaviour, low levels may enhance the ability to develop a new relationship bond (i.e. with the child).^[4]

Fathers find many ways to strengthen the father-child bond with their children, such as soothing, consoling, feeding (expressed breast milk, infant formula, or baby food), changing diapers, bathing, dressing, playing, and cuddling. Carrying the infant in a sling or backpack or pushing him or her in a baby transport can build the bond, as can participating in the baby's bedtime routine.

References

↑ Early Childhood Longitudinal Study 2006. "Measuring Father Involvement in Young Children's Lives." National Center for Education Statistics. Fathers of U.S. children born in 2001.
↑ U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Support Enforcement. "Handbook on Child Support Enforcement." (Washington, DC: Author)
↑ Linda F. Palmer. "Bonding Matters: The Chemistry of Attachment." Attachment Parenting International News: Vol. 5, No. 2, 2002.
↑ Douglas Carlton Abrams, "The Making of a Modern Dad." Psychology Today, Mar/Apr 2002.

Parenting

Types	Adoptive Alloparenting Complex family Coparenting Foster care Kommune 1 LGBT Matrifocal family Noncustodial Nuclear family Orphaned Shared Single parent Blended family Surrogacy In loco parentis

Theories · Areas	Attachment theory Applied behavior analysis Behaviorism Child development Cognitive development Developmental psychology Human development Love Maternal bond Nature versus nurture Parental investment Paternal bond Pediatrics Social psychology

Styles	Attachment parenting Concerted cultivation Gatekeeper parent Helicopter parent Nurturant parenting Slow parenting Soccer mom Strict father model Taking Children Seriously Work at home parent

Techniques	After-school activity Allowance Bedtime Child care Co-sleeping Homeschooling Latchkey kid Parent Management Training Play (date) Role model Spoiled child Television Toy (educational)

Discipline	Blanket training Corporal punishment in the home Curfew Grounding Tactical ignoring Time-out

Abuse	Child abandonment Child abuse Child labour Child neglect Cinderella effect Incest Narcissistic parent Parental abuse by children Parental alienation

Legal and social aspects	Child support Cost of raising a child Marriage Parental responsibility Deadbeat parent Paternity Disownment

Experts	T. Berry Brazelton Tanya Byron Rudolf Dreikurs David Elkind Jo Frost Haim Ginott Thomas Gordon Alan E. Kazdin Truby King Annette Lareau Penelope Leach Madeline Levine William Sears B. F. Skinner Benjamin Spock Baby and Child Care

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Paternal bond

Fatherhood

See also

References