Porpema prunella
| Porpema prunella | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Porpema prunella, from Haeckel's Kunstformen der Natur | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Subkingdom: | Eumetazoa |
| Phylum: | Cnidaria |
| Subphylum: | Medusozoa |
| Class: | Hydrozoa |
| Order: | Anthomedusae |
| Family: | Porpitidae |
| Genus: | Porpema Lamarck, 1801 |
| Species: | P. prunella |
| Binomial name | |
| Porpema prunella (Haeckel, 1888)[1] | |
Porpema prunella is a marine species of hydrozoan organisms within the unispecific genus Porpema that consists of colonies of zooids. The species is thought to be related to the other chondrophores, which include Velella and Porpita. Very little is known about this species, as there have been no confirmed sightings since its discovery in 1801 and naming by Haeckel in 1888. Being in the chondrophore group, it is likely that its behaviour is similar to the other species of the genera in the family. However there are also serious doubts as to its very existence.[1] Nevertheless, A.K. Totton created the chondrophora order to accommodate three uncategorised genera, suggesting it may still exist.[2]
Description and characteristics
The Porpema genus was described by Lamarck in 1801. The sole reported subsequent observation of a member of the species was by Haeckel in 1888. He had mistakenly placed several illustrations of the species from different views and stages of its life cycle on siphonophorae, as the chondrophores were originally placed along with the Siphonophores.[3] However simple conclusions about the species can be made from these illustrations and the relationship between the other members of Porpitidae, as all of the chondrophores have features common to all species.[4]
All chondrophores possess small tentacles that are known to cause minor irritation to human skin. They live at the surface of the open ocean, and are colonies of carnivorous, free-floating hydroids whose role in the plankton community is similar to that of pelagic jellyfish. The structures that cause their buoyancy – floats – are gas-filled membranes in other chondrophores. The floats are not obvious in this species from Haeckel's description, and have not been formally described, although the strange hat-like structure on the hydrozoan's aboral side may have this function.[5] The hydroid colony itself closely resembles the tentacles of a scyphozoan; however, each tentacle structure is an individual zooid, which may consist of a medusa or a polyp.[6] Each strand consists of numerous branchlets, which all end in stinging nematocysts.
The species is considered to be neustonic, passively drifting on the surface of the sea. A single mouth is located on its underside, and it appears to be re-orientable and movable. The mouth is used for both the intake of prey and the expulsion of wastes.[7]
See also
References
- 1 2 WoRMS (2008). P. Schuchert, eds. "Porpema Haeckel, 1888". World Hydrozoa database. World Register of Marine Species.
- ↑ Totton, A.K. (1954): Siphonophora of the Indian Ocean together with systematic and biological notes on related specimens from other oceans. Discovery Reports 27: 1-162.
- ↑ Totton, A.K. (1954): Siphonophora of the Indian Ocean together with systematic and biological notes on related specimens from other oceans. Discovery Reports 27: 1-162.
- ↑ "Kunstformen der Natur (1900)". BioLib Online Library of Biology Books. Kurt Stueber. 2007. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
- ↑ Lipps, Jere H.; Signor, Philip (1992). Origin and Early Evolution of the Metazoa (1st ed.). p. 161. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
- ↑ A. Brinckmann-Voss (1970). Anthomedusae/Athecatae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the Mediterranean. Part I. Capitata. Fauna e Flora del Golfo di Napoli. 39. Stazione Zoologica. pp. 1–96, 11 pls.
- ↑ Cuvier, Abron (1836). The animal kingdom, arranged according to its organization, serving as a foundation for the natural history of animals and an introduction to comparative anatomy (1st ed.). pp. 423–427. Retrieved January 16, 2015.