Progressive Labour Party (Bermuda)
Bermuda Progressive Labour Party | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Leader | Marc Bean |
| Chairman | Scott Simmons |
| Deputy Leader | E. David Burt |
| Founded | 10 February 1963 |
| Headquarters | Alaska Hall, 16 Court Street, Hamilton, Bermuda |
| Senate |
3 / 11 |
| Assembly |
17 / 36 |
| Website | |
| http://www.plp.bm | |
The Bermuda Progressive Labor Party (PLP) is a political party in Bermuda which held power from 1998 to 2012 and is currently the official opposition.
Formation
The first political party in Bermuda, and the oldest still active, the PLP was founded in 1963 by Wilfred Mose Allen, Hugh Ryo Richardson, Albert Peter Smith, Edward DeJean, Walter N.H. Robinson, Austin Wilson and Dilton C. Cann. These seven had earlier met in Richardson's garage, before holding the first formal meeting of the PLP on 10 February 1963 in Robinson's office in Hamilton. Intended to appeal to the working-class, the first election platform called for equitable taxation, an end to racial discrimination, economic parity and welfare programs, as well as housing, educational and electoral reform.
The Progressive Labour Party contested its first General Election just three months after its formation in 1963. The Party contested nine of the then thirty-six Parliamentary seats. The PLP's first successful Members of Colonial Parliament (MCPs) were: Mr. Arnold A. Francis (Party Leader), Mr. Walter N. H. Robinson (Deputy Leader), Mrs. Lois Browne-Evans (Bermuda's first black elected woman Member of Parliament) Mr. Russell Dismont, Mr. Cecil Clarke and Mrs. Dorothy Thompson.
Bermuda received its first constitution in 1968, and a General Election was called on 22 May 1968. In the election, the party was soundly defeated winning only 10 of 40 seats by the, conservative, United Bermuda Party which was founded in 1964. During the election, the party's leader, Walter Robinson, was defeated in his constituency and power was handed over to Lois Browne-Evans. Lois Browne-Evans became the first female Opposition Leader in the British Commonwealth.
In subsequent elections, the PLP slowly expanded its share of Parliament. In the General Election, of 1972, the PLP increased its share of the popular vote from 33 per cent to 38 per cent. The Party again contested every constituency. With the successful re-election of Walter Robinson, Lois Browne-Evans yielded the leadership of the Party back to him. The Party retained ten seats in Parliament. In April 1976, Mr. Robinson retired from active politics later becoming a Puisne Judge, and Mrs. Browne-Evans became the Parliamentary Leader of the PLP for the second time and also the Opposition Leader once again.
The in the 1980 General Election, the Party ran forty candidates and won eighteen seats and 46% of the votes cast, just three short of the number needed for victory. There was steady progress until 1983, where it began a noticeable slide. In 1983, the Party had to fight a snap General Election. Once again, the Party ran forty candidates contesting every seat. The PLP lost four seats in this election, gaining only 43.4% of the votes cast. Another snap General Election was called in November 1985. A small, but determined PLP contested eighteen of the twenty constituencies, offering 30 candidates.
The party had been gripped in the legacy of a severe split between a group led by veteran parliamentarian Gilbert Darrell and those loyal to Party Leader Lois Browne-Evans. This division results in a group being expelled from the Party.
The party split had affected the electorate and this was reflected in the Party's further loss of seats and only 31% of the votes cast. The Party finished the election night decimated with only seven seats.
Lois Browne-Evans stepped down as Party Leader. At the special Delegates Conference, convened 72 hours after this election, Deputy Leader, Mr. L. Frederick Wade became the PLP's fourth Party Leader with Mr. Walter Roberts as the new Deputy Leader. New Party Leader, L. Frederick Wade, committed the Party to a period of rebuilding and the reversal experienced in the previous elections. A rejuvenated PLP was ready for the General Election of 1989. The Party contested all twenty constituencies and regained eight seats to increase the number of PLP representatives to fifteen and an increase of 37% of the votes cast. The process of rebuilding continued with the Party regaining the confidence of its supporters and building new bridges with the electorate. Party Leader, L. Frederick Wade also began making inroads with the business community.
When the General Election was called for October 1993, Party Leader L. Frederick Wade led a well prepared PLP to the polls. The Party contested all twenty constituencies and gained three seats to increase the number of PLP representatives to eighteen. In this election the Party once again approached the threshold of victory with 46.7% of the votes cast. The PLP was out of the wilderness.
Recent history
In 1996 Jennifer Meredith Smith succeeded to the leadership of the PLP upon the death of L. Frederick Wade. Ms. Smith immediately set about establishing her mandate for the Party with an agenda to get the organisation ready for the next General Election, due to be held no later than October 1998. Under her leadership the Party continued working to rebuild and strengthen the party apparatus. In addition, the PLP entered into an aggressive fundraising campaign, expanding its appeal to not only traditional supporters but also the business sector. The interaction with the business community, started under L.F. Wade continued - raising the Party's credentials as a future government that would work to ensure a sound business environment. On 20 October 1998, the date of the much-anticipated General Election was announced as November 9, 1998. On November 9, 1998 the PLP received the people's mandate to take the reins of Government in the first change of government in Bermuda's history. When all the ballots had been counted the party had won 26 seats and 54.3% of votes. Jennifer Smith leads her party to its first victory in parliamentary elections in November 1998, in which the traditionally conservative United Bermuda Party, which had controlled the country since universal franchise and a constitution was gained in 1968, suffered an unprecedented defeat. The Party having achieved the goal of the founding fathers and reached the pinnacle of electoral success set about the mission of building 'A New Bermuda.' Immediately, the government quickly moved the make substantive changes in key areas. Some of these were; amendment to the Election Act eliminating annual voter registration; the introduction of the political office of Attorney General which required the establishment of Office of Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) as the chief law officer responsible for Crown prosecutions. Another welcomed change was the re-introduction of bi-weekly garbage collection. On August 18, 2000, Premier Jennifer Smith tabled a paper, proposing constitutional amendments, including the establishment of single-seat constituencies.' This was in keeping with a PLP platform initiative to ensuring that Bermuda's democracy enshrined the principle of "one person, one vote; each vote of equal value". This goal had been consistently stated from the establishment of the PLP in 1963 under the objective of constitutional reform. In November 2000, the Party Leader faced a challenge to her leadership by Environment Minister Arthur Hodgson. The Party Leader defeated Mr. Hodgson by a vote of 2 to 1.
On 11 October 2002 the House of Assembly passed the Boundaries Commission Report which included recommendations for 36 single seat constituencies. On November 2002, Premier Jennifer Smith tabled a motion in the House of Assembly that the Government empower a Committee to examine the Parliamentary Election Act with a view to making recommendations about the wider questions of the voting franchise in Bermuda. On 28 February 2003, an Order-in-Council was passed at Buckingham Palace ratifying the recommendations of the Commission to the Governor and the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs. The Order came into effect in mid-March 2003 setting the stage for the next General Election to be historic, with a single seat constituency system established in Bermuda. A discussion paper on the wider question of the Franchise looking at broader questions for reform of Bermuda's voting system was submitted to the Parliament. The paper was consistent with the Party's long-standing commitment to examine the larger question of reform of Bermuda's voting system. In June 2003, further parliamentary reform was completed, with amendments to the Parliamentary Election Act widening the categories of valid identification voters could use during an election. This would modernize requirements and contribute to more flexibility and ease in the voting process for all. On June 11, 2003 the Premier announced that she would ask the Governor to dissolve Parliament in order to have a General Election on July 24, 2003.
The Progressive Labour Party again won the parliamentary election held on 24 July 2003 with 51.6% of the vote and 22 out of 36 seats, but less than a week later Ewart Brown led a party coup, and Smith was forced to resign. The two factions agreed to a compromise candidate, Alex Scott, to become Premier of Bermuda, while Brown would hold the deputy premiership. On July 28, 2003, Jennifer Smith submitted her resignation as Premier to His Excellency the Governor. W. Alexander Scott is not long after sworn in as Premier and on 30 July 2003, the New Cabinet was sworn in at Government House. The new Premier immediately moved to unify the Party and to reassure the country in the new government. In early September, the new PLP government was tested with the first national crisis in the form of hurricane Fabian. The natural disaster devastated much of the island but the quick and effective response by the Government was praised by all quarters of the community.
In November 2004, the Throne Speech detailed a comprehensive initiative by the Government described as The Social Agenda. This Agenda revealed new initiatives designed to be a key part of the Government's blueprint for social change. Some of the highlights are: • New plans for EMERGENCY housing with the Government to construct two, three and four bedroom manufactured emergency homes; • A longer-term strategy will see the renovation of derelict and vacant premises to increase the number of houses available to rent or buy; • An amendment to the customs tariff to reduce the cost of importing building materials; • A new points system to deal with reckless drivers and new British style de-merit points; system will be introduced in a bid to rid the country's roads of irresponsible motorists; • Tougher sentences for drug offenders; • A recycled personal computer initiative will attempt to put computers "within the grasp of all Bermudians; • Diversify the types of hotels on offer as well as pursuing business outside the traditional U.S. market in Europe The protection of the environment and sustainable development is not only a global issue but also an important local concern. On December 6, 2004, Premier Scott announced that the Government would develop a Sustainable Development Plan for Bermuda. The Premier noted that it was time for us to ensure that development in this country is sustainable in order to provide a foundation for a better quality of life for everyone, now, and for generations to come. In December 2004, Premier, the Hon. W. Alexander Scott JP, MP announced the formation of the Bermuda Independence Commission, an independent body of persons drawn from the widest, most representative cross-section of individuals, groups, unions and organisations in Bermuda. The Bermuda Independence Commission would have the express purpose of educating, informing and encouraging discussion and debate on the subject of Independence for Bermuda. The Commission would also prepare a report with recommendation on the subject of Independence. Premier Scott appointed the Sustainable Development Round Table (SDRT) in April 2005, to facilitate broad community engagement and representation in sustainable development decisions facing the future of Bermuda. In August 2005, the long awaited Bermuda Independence Commission Report was released to the public. Its release ignites a flurry of debate and discussion in the community on the report's findings from pro Independence and anti Independence advocates. The question and merits of an Independence referendum also enters into the debate. From February to May 2006, the Party held a series of meetings throughout the island to promote understanding of the findings of the Bermuda Independence Commission (BIC) and the issue of Independence. Overall, the meetings were well attended but support for the island moving towards independence remained elusive. In late August 2006, speculation and discussion arose as to whether there was to be a leadership challenge at the upcoming Party Conference in light of the fact that it is an election year for all Party Officers. A leading contender was Tourism and Transport Minister Dr. the Hon. Ewart F. Brown. It was also suggested another leading possible contestant was Finance Minister the Hon Paula Cox. On October 13, 2006, the rumours of an impending leadership contest were settled when Dr. Ewart F. Brown JP, MP, Minister of Tourism and Transport announced his resignation from the Cabinet and that he would contest the leadership of the Bermuda Progressive Labour Party at the upcoming Delegates Conference. Dr Brown also stated that if the party chose the current Party Leader, W. Alexander Scott over him, he would resign from politics at the next election.
In October 27, 2006, Dr. Ewart Brown defeated Alex Scott in an election for Party Leader and became the PLP's Leader and Premier of Bermuda.Newly appointed Premier Brown and his Cabinet moved quickly to engage the public on key issues, particularly Education, Health and social issues. The Throne Speech delivered November 4, 2006 pledges the Government would implement new, strong and significant programmes to address housing, education, healthcare, the quality of life for our youth and our elderly, alcohol and drug abuse, crime and race relations. Following through with a promise made during Dr. Brown's leadership campaign, it is announced in the Throne Speech, that the Medical Clinic (formerly known as the Indigent Clinic) will be closed. The position is taken that it undermines the patients' dignity being treated in this manner. Under the new plans, patients will have access to the same services as the general public with at least 30 private doctors. Some of the other initiatives that were highlighted in the 2006 Throne Speech are as follows: • Establish a Ministry for Social Rehabilitation, focused on quickly implementing solutions to the challenges that exist in our community. • Renew the Government commitment to producing 330 units in 30 months with 286 units under contract. • Work with the private sector to generate progressive ways to finance new homes. • Assemble the best legal and financial minds to determine how to renovate derelict homes for rent or ownership by deserving families. • Introduce an income-based housing programme. • Provide a zero rate of Customs Duty on imported materials for all proposals approved by the Government as 'affordable housing developments'. • An Agricultural and Educational Outreach Programme to be implemented to familiarise senior secondary school students with farming. • Shift the focus from where the new hospital wouldl be and work with the medical community to establish the priorities for healthcare in Bermuda. • Declare the Economic Empowerment Zone in North Hamilton as an 'approved scheme' under the Industrial Development Act 1968. In December 2006, Premier Brown stated he was "deeply and seriously" concerned about the state of education and that within the near future Bermuda would hear "some very significant statements" about what was planned to improve attainment levels.
In May 2007, a report was given to the public on the findings of the Education Review and it revealed serious challenges in Bermuda's public Education system. The report outlined recommendations which the PLP Government committed to implementing.
On 29 May 2007, the public awoke to the devastating announcement that Dame Lois M. Browne-Evans DBE JP former Party Leader and Opposition Leader had died at the age of 79 in the early hours of the morning. She apparently suffered a stroke. Later that Tuesday morning Premier and Party Leader Dr the Hon. Ewart F. Brown and his Cabinet addressed the country on the passing of Dame Lois. In his comments on behalf of the Government, Premier Brown describes her as, "... a legend like no other…a champion for justice - not just for blacks but for all Bermudians..." The funeral of Dame Lois on 5 June 2007 was the most emotional in recent memory with thousands of Bermudians witnessing and listening to the ceremony at the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity. A procession to her interment led by her family and closest colleagues in the party was followed by thousands of people. It was apparent that her contribution to the people and country was remembered and would not be forgotten. The prospects of an election once again become apparent when starting in early July 2007 the party began announcing its candidate line up for the future election. On November 2, 2007,to the surprise of many, just hours after the Throne Speech, Premier the Hon Dr. Ewart F. Brown ended the election mystery and suspense. He announced to the country that he visited the Governor and requested he prorogue the Parliament in order to hold a general election dated Tuesday 18 December 2007. In a first for Bermuda, Premier Dr. Ewart Brown used a YouTube video on the Progressive Labour Party's website to announce the date of the general election. The six weeks leading up to the election was filled with a great deal of energy and sometimes-confrontational rhetoric between the completing parties. The campaign slogan for a third consecutive victory was, 'Moving Bermuda Forward' with a mission to make it ‘Three Straight!!!’ Another effective campaign tag line promoted across the island was ‘PLP Solid!’ The party focused its energy and resources on saturating the political landscape; proving the party was the dominant force in the country for progress and change.
The PLP won a third term in power in the election held on 18 December 2007, again taking 22 seats. Not only did the party successfully keep its majority, it managed to increase its percentage of the popular vote from 51.6% percent to 52.5% percent.[1]
Ewart Brown quit elected politics in October 2010 and he was succeeded as party leader and Premier by Paula Cox.[2]
On December 17, 2012, the party narrowly lost a general election; Cox lost her own seat and resigned as party leader the following day. She was replaced by Marc Bean, the former Minister of the Environment, Planning and Infrastructure.[3]
On 15 February 2013, PLP MP Terry Lister announced his resignation from the party, and his intent to continue to sit in the House of Assembly as an Independent.[4] Mr. Lister resigned from Parliament [5] in September 2014, prompting a bye-election. On November 19, 2014 the PLP's Candidate Jamahl Simmons defeated the OBA's Georgia Marshall.[6]
Election results
| General election | # of candidates | # of elected candidates | total votes | % of popular vote |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 | 36 | 17 | 14,218 | 46.1% |
| 2007 | 36 | 22 | 16,800 | 52.5% |
| 2003 | 36 | 22 | 15,222 | 51.6% |
| 1998 | 40 | 26 | 30,422 | 54.6% |
| 1993 | 40 | 18 | 21,368 | 45.8% |
| 1989 | 30 | 15 | 23,168 | 35.6% |
| 1985 | 40 | 7 | 10,930 | 30.5% |
| 1983 | 40 | 14 | 20,765 | 43.4% |
| 1980 | 40 | 18 | 22,452 | 46% |
| 1976 | 36 | 11 | 15,246 | 44.4% |
| 1972 | 40 | 10 | 13,018 | 38.2% |
| 1968 | 40 | 10 | **** | ****% |
| 1963 | 36 | 10 | 5,827 | 18.6% |
Perceived homophobia
On July 11, 2013, while speaking on a televised program by the Seventh-day Adventist Church organisation in Bermuda, Marc Bean, leader of the PLP made several statements about gay marriage. Mr Bean said that he felt same-sex marriage would further the ongoing destruction and attack on the family unit. He also stated that he believed that “Historically if you look at the gay rights agenda, at who created it and who financed it, then you will recognise that its purpose is to turn civilisation upside down and upon its head.” He did not provide proof of his statements on who has "financed" the "gay agenda". Earlier in the program when asked if he thought that gay marriage would be approved in Bermuda he said yes and stated that it was "unfortunate." Asked for his own opinion on same-sex marriage, Mr Bean maintained that it and the “agenda of same-sex marriage” represented “an attack on the foundation of civilisation and on life itself, and that’s the family unit”.[7]
In a 2012 debate on adding sexual orientation to the Human Rights Act the following statements were made:
PLP MP Derrick Burgess spoke after Mr Crockwell, saying: “When it comes to the discrimination based on sexual orientation, I will take my lead from my Church. I am not for discriminating against anyone, but I do have a problem with what our children see today…”
PLP MP Dennis Lister said he supported banning discrimination based on age, and noted that the matter of discrimination based on sexual orientation has come to the House on two other occasions, and he voted against both motions. ”I still have not been moved from where I have been in the past, and I want to be noted for that…” he said.“I am not opposed to the individual, I don’t want individuals to get offended or take it personally….it’s always the behaviour that I have my concern in that regard. As a member of the Church, I feel we should love and forgive everyone – always.”“Maybe one day, by time you get around to bringing legislation, you can find a way to change my viewpoint, but I haven’t moved from that yet,” said Mr Lister.
Moving onto sexual orientation, Minister Bean said he doesn’t feel there is any need to alter the Human Right Act. “If I am a landlord and I do not want gay persons in my apartment, I think it’s their right to deny anyone to rent their apartment. You know why, because they are responsible for that mortgage, it’s their house, it’s their property." “In other words, gay people can go and buy a mansion and they can have the biggest rainbow circle gay parties and bashments all they like on their property. And even if their next door neighbour doesn’t like it, even if their next door neighbour is a Bishop of a Church, that Bishop has to suck it up.”
Some members of the party made statements in support of the change to add sexual orientation to the Human Rights act.[8]
References
- ↑ "Bermuda's ruling party wins election focused on corruption, racial resentment", Associated Press (International Herald Tribune), 19 December 2007.
- ↑ Bernews (Oct. 29, 2010)
- ↑ Royal Gazette (Dec. 22, 2012).
- ↑ Bernews (Feb. 15, 2013)
- ↑ Bernews (Sep. 23, 2014)
- ↑ Bernews (Nov. 18, 2014)
- ↑ http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20130712/NEWS/707129939
- ↑ http://bernews.com/2012/07/sexual-orientationage-discrimination-debate/