Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic

Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic
الحكومة المؤقتة للجمهورية الجزائرية
Provisional Government and
Government in Exile
1958–1962


Flag

Anthem
"Kassaman"
Capital Algiers (de jure until 1962)
Capital-in-exile Cairo (1958-1960)
Tunis (1960-1962)
Languages Arabic
Government Presidential under a Transitional government
President
 •  1958–1961 Ferhat Abbas
 • 1961–1962 Benyoucef Benkhedda
Historical era Decolonization of Africa
 • Beginning of Algerian War 1 November 1954
 •  GPRA proclaimed 19 September 1958
 • Évian Accords 19 March 1962
 • GPRA seated in Algiers 1 July 1962
 • Independence proclaimed 5 July 1962
 •  People's Democratic Republic of Algeria established 25 September 1962
Preceded by 		Succeeded by
French Algeria
Algeria

The Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic (Arabic: الحكومة المؤقتة للجمهورية الجزائرية‎‎, ح م ج ج) was the government-in-exile of the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN) during the latter part of the Algerian War of Independence (1954–62).

Creation and purpose

The GPRA was set up in Cairo, Egypt, by the FLN on September 19, 1958, four years into the Algerian War of Independence.[1] Its first President was the moderate nationalist Ferhat Abbas, who had for decades insisted on trying to peacefully reform the French colonial system, before finally despairing and joining the FLN's armed struggle. He was once re-elected to the post, in 1960, but already next year he was sidelined and replaced by Benyoucef Benkhedda, who held the presidency as Algeria was declared independent.

The purpose of the GPRA was to serve as a diplomatic and political tool for the FLN. It allowed sympathizing governments to extend official recognition to it (among those who did, were neighbouring Morocco and Tunisia, as well as Nasserite Egypt and other Arab countries and Pakistan). Its headquarters were located in Tunis, but diplomats were posted in most major world capitals to try to lobby governments and organize local support groups. It was partly intended to serve as a preemptive diplomatic strike against a proposal by French President Charles de Gaulle, to hold a referendum by which Algeria would be given an autonomous status within France.[2]

Post-independence dissolution

After the war, infighting broke out in FLN ranks. Benkhedda of the GPRA briefly held power in Algiers, but there was no unified power for the whole country. In late 1962, the GPRA was disbanded, after Ahmed Ben Bella seized power through forming a rival institution (a Political Bureau of the FLN) with the backing of the Armée de Libération Nationale (ALN), controlled by Col. Houari Boumédiène. An attempt by GPRA politicians and loyal guerrilla units to resist the military-backed takeover was crushed in a short but intense burst of internal fighting. A compromise forced by Boumédiène saw most of the provisional government enter an expanded Political Bureau, and the GPRA itself was dissolved.[3] A one-party state under Ben Bella's command was then set up, after a constitution had been approved for the new republic.[4]

While some argue that this broke the institutional continuity between the war-time GPRA and the present Algerian state, the Algerian presidency and government is still normally regarded as the GPRA's post-independence successor.

List of members of the GPRA

The GPRA was reformed twice, in 1960 and 1961, with the change of ministers and portfolios to some extent reflecting the shifts of power within the FLN. Below is a list of the three versions of the GPRA.[5]

From left to right: Mohamed Khider, Mustafa Lacheraf, Hocine Aït Ahmed, Mohamed Boudiaf and Ahmed Ben Bella. The picture was taken after their arrest by France.

The first GPRA: 1958-60

The second GPRA: 1960-61

The third GPRA: 1961-62

References

Literature

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