Cusco–Collao Quechua

Cusco-Collao Quechua
Qusqu-Qullaw
Native to	Peru
Ethnicity	Quechuas, Kollas
Native speakers	(5 million cited 1987–2002)[1]
Language family	Quechuan Quechua II C Cusco-Collao Quechua
Dialects	Cuzco Quechua Puno Quechua South Bolivian Quechua North Bolivian Quechua
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	cusc1235  (Cuscan Quechua)[2] boli1262  (Bolivian Quechua IIC)[3]

Cusco–Collao (Spanish, also Cuzco–Collao) or Qusqu–Qullaw (Quechua) is a collective term used for Quechua dialects that have aspirated (tʃʰ, pʰ, tʰ, kʰ, qʰ) and ejective (tʃʼ, pʼ, tʼ, kʼ, qʼ) plosives, apparently borrowed from Aymaran languages. They include Cusco Quechua, Puno Quechua, North Bolivian Quechua, and South Bolivian Quechua. Together with Ayacucho Quechua, which is mutually intelligible, they form the Southern Quechua language.

In 1975, the term "Cusco-Collao" was coined by the government of Juan Velasco Alvarado as the name of one of six officially recognized regional varieties of Quechua in Peru, and is still used in both Spanish and Quechua forms in publications of the Peruvian government^[4] and SIL International.^[5]

In linguistic terms, the group is problematic. Concerning vocabulary, Cusco Quechua is closest to Ayacucho Quechua, with which it has 96% lexical similarity,^[6] whereas Puno Quechua and the Bolivian Quechua varieties have borrowed more lexicon and morphology from Aymara^[7] and Spanish (e.g. the diminutive suffix -ita, -itu, -sita, -situ instead of -cha: cf. "small stone": rumisitu in Bolivia vs. rumicha in both Cusco and Ayacucho). Typical for Cusco-Collao dialects is the appearance of subordinating conjunctions, e.g. imaraykuchus (because) and sichus (if), or relative pronouns, e.g. pitachus (whom) or imachus (that, what), which are uncommon in Ayacucho Quechua and other Quechua varieties. Conjunctions like imaraykuchus are by far most common in the Bolivian dialects.^[8] Otherwise, subordination in Quechua can be expressed by means of suffixes and infixes like -pti- and -spa or (to substitute relative clauses) -q, -sqa and -na.

Bibliography

• Antonio Cusihuamán (1976): Diccionario Quechua Cuzco-Collao [- Castellano y vice versa]. Ministerio de educación del Perú
• Antonio Cusihuamán (1976): Gramática Quechua Cuzco-Collao. Ministerio de educación del Perú

External links

• Yachakuqkunapa Simi Qullqa - Qusqu Qullaw. Qhichwa Simipi (monolingual Quechua and bilingual Quechua-Spanish dictionary)
• Nonato Rufino Chuqumamani Valer, Carmen Gladis Alosilla Morales, Victoria Choque Valer: Qullaw Qichwapa Simi Qullqan. Lima, 2014

References

1. See individual articles for population breakdown.
2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Cuscan Quechua". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
3. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Bolivian Quechua IIC". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
4. Yachakuqkunapa Simi Qullqa - Qusqu Qullaw. Qhichwa Simipi
5. SIL/ILV Perú - Publicaciones - Idioma: Quechua del Cusco-Collao
6. Ethnologue report for language code: quy (Quechua, Ayacucho)
7. Ethnologue report for language code: qxp (Quechua, Puno)
8. See for example Google search for "imaraykuchus" at site bible.is, which includes Bible translations in Quechua of Cusco, North Bolivia, and South Bolivia (as well as Ayacucho Quechua, which does not have this word).