Racism in Romania

Racism in Romania is directed against various minority groups, prominently Romani people, but there are also problems with anti-semitism and other forms of discrimination. In particular, World War II and subsequent communist rule both established hatreds and xenophobic feelings which still influence contemporary Romanian discourse.[1]

Roma

Racism is mostly directed against the Romani people, the country's third-largest minority, who are routinely discriminated against by the state, local authorities and private enterprises, in matters of housing, employment and education . Belonging to the lowest social classes, the Romani are caught in a vicious circle of poverty reinforced by segregation.[2] Prejudice against Romani people is common among the Romanians, who stereotype the Romani as being thieves, dirty and lazy.[2]

Violence against Romani is also common in Romania, especially police brutality, such cases of excessive force being not adequately investigated or sanctioned.[2] Several anti-Romani riots occurred in the last decades, notable of which being the Hădăreni riots of 1993, in which a mob of Romanians and Hungarians, in response to the killing of a Romanian by a Romani, burnt down 13 houses belonging to the Romani, lynched three Romani people and forced 130 people to flee the village.[3]

Discrimination

The Romani are discriminated on the access to healthcare, which leads to a generally poorer health status, the life expectancy of the Romani minority being 10 years lower than the Romanian average.[2]

Within the Romanian education system there is discrimination and segregation, which leads to higher drop-out rates and lower qualifications for the Romani students.[2]

Segregation

In Baia Mare, Mayor Cătălin Cherecheș announced the building of a 3-metre high, 100-metre long concrete wall to divide the buildings in which the Romani community lives from the rest of the city, arguing that this would bring "order and discipline" into the area. [4]

History

In Wallachia and Moldavia, The Romani people have been for centuries slaves belonging to the state, church or boyars until slavery was gradually abolished during the 1840s and 1850s (see Slavery in Romania).

Anti-semitism

The presence of Jews in Romania is documented back to the 17th century. Since then the level of discrimination has varied. It increased sharply in the 1930s under the influence of Nazism and fascist politician Ion Antonescu, leading to pogroms such as the Iași and the Bucharest pogroms. Romania also organized death camps for Jews in the occupied Transnistria Governorate, such as the one at Bogdanovka and the Romanian Army was involved in the 1941 Odessa massacre.

After World War II, most of those Jews who had survived emigrated to Israel. Prejudice continued under the Ion Iliescu government (2000-2004), although the desire to join the European Union led to a greater acknowledgement of past Romanian crimes, with Iliescu finally admitting to the genocide of Romanian Jews in 2004.[1]

Notes

  1. 1 2 Graham Huggan, Ian Law (2011). Racism Postcolonialism Europe. Liverpool, UK: Liverpool University Press. pp. 40–41.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Delia-Luiza Nită, ENAR Shadow Report 2008: Racism in Romania, European Network Against Racism
  3. ↑ "Hadareni Journal; Death Is a Neighbor, and the Gypsies Are Terrified", in New York Times, October 27, 1993
  4. ↑ "Roma community segregation still plaguing Romania", SETimes, July 18, 2011

References

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