Redes (film)
| Redes | |
|---|---|
| Directed by |
Fred Zinnemann Emilio Gómez Muriel |
| Produced by | Carlos Chávez (for the Secretaría de Educación Pública) |
| Written by |
Agustín Velázquez Chávez Paul Strand Emilio Gómez Muriel Fred Zinnemann Henwar Rodakiewicz |
| Starring |
Silvio Hernández David Valle González Rafael Hinojosa Antonio Lara Miguel Figueroa David Valles Gonzales |
| Music by | Silvestre Revueltas |
| Cinematography | Paul Strand |
| Edited by |
Emilio Gómez Muriel Gunther von Fritsch |
Release dates | 1936 Mexico, 1937 USA |
Running time | 65 minutes |
| Country | Mexico |
| Language | Spanish |
Redes is a Mexican film, released in 1936, about the fishing community of Alvarado on the Gulf Coast of Mexico, near the city of Veracruz. Although the Spanish language title refers to (fishing) nets, the English language title is The Wave (apparently referring to imagery at the end of the film). Redes was made with a mainly non-professional cast and has been seen as anticipating Italian neorealism. It concerns the struggle of poor fishermen to overcome exploitation.
The making of the film
Paul Strand began work on the project, which was originally conceived as a documentary, in 1933. He had come to Mexico at the invitation of the Mexican composer Carlos Chávez, who had a government job promoting the arts under the socialist education minister Narciso Bassols.[1] The film developed into a work of fiction with a scenario by Strand and Agustín Chávez, nephew of the composer.
Towards the end of 1933, Henwar Rodakiewicz, a friend of Strand's from the Camera Club of New York, arrived to assist in the production. Rodakiewicz determined that the scenario was ragged and incoherent.[2] Before returning to the USA for a few months, he wrote a shooting script for the film and made arrangements for his friend, Fred Zinnemann, to travel to Alvarado to take on the role of director.[3] Zinnemann did not speak Spanish, while his co-director Emilio Gómez Muriel worked directly with the actors. The crew included still photographer Ned Scott. Filming was done on location in Alvarado, and the sound was added later.
Strand had left-wing views and was influenced by Eisenstein (whose Battleship Potemkin includes imagery of waves). Zinnemann cited Robert Flaherty as an influence.
The production was affected by political developments in 1934. Bassols resigned as minister of education and Carlos Chávez was replaced. Work on Redes continued under Chávez' successor, Antonio Castro Leal. However, Strand was warned funding could not be guaranteed beyond the end of the year, when a new president was due to take office. Strand left Mexico early in 1935 with the film still unreleased.
Film music
The Mexican composer Silvestre Revueltas, who had not previously written film music, was commissioned to provide the score in 1934. Revueltas was a protegé of Carlos Chávez, who had appointed him as assistant conductor of the Symphony Orchestra of Mexico: however, the two men fell out around the time of the commission (possibly because Chávez had expected to write the music).[4] Revueltas visited Alvarado during the shooting, and composed quickly.
The score is considered a classic of film music. As the music rarely overlaps with dialogue, it has been possible to show the film with live orchestral accompaniment.[5] Redes is one of the few pieces of Mexican film music to have entered the concert repertory. Revueltas made an orchestral suite from the Redes score, which he premiered in 1936. However, in concert performance the music is usually heard in an arrangement by Erich Kleiber, made in the 1940s after the composer's death. Kleiber's version is in two parts and lasts about 16 minutes.[4]
The release of the film
Despite the problems making the film, it appears to have been more or less finished in 1935. More editing was done before its release in Mexico in 1936. The film was released in France and the USA in 1937. It was restored in 2009 by the World Cinema Foundation.[6]
Critical reception
The New York Times' film reviewer was dismissive of the quality of the narrative, but acknowledged the merits of the photography and music.[7] The New York Times also published an article by Aaron Copland praising Revueltas' music. Copland said that the Mexican Government, choosing Revueltas to supply the music for "The Wave," is very much like the U.S.S.R. asking Shostakovich to supply sound for its best pictures.[8]
References
- ↑ Paul Strand in Mexico by James Krippner, Aperture Foundation, New York, 2010 pp. 69-100
- ↑ Letter, Henwar Rodakiewicz to Ned Scott, November 8, 1933:http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/redesfilm/redes-film-letters.html
- ↑ Letter from Henwar Rodakiewicz to Ned Scott, 17 December 1933: http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/redesfilm/redes-film-letters.html#l3
- 1 2 "Program Notes" (PDF). Chicago Symphony Orchestra. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
- ↑ http://www.artsjournal.com/uq/2013/04/the-greatest-film-score-youve-never-heard.html
- ↑ http://worldcinemafoundation.org/films/the-wave
- ↑ Frank S. Nugent (April 21, 1937), The Wave (1937), New York Times
- ↑ Copland, Aaron (May 1937). "Mexican Composer". New York Times. Retrieved July 7, 2012.
External links
- Redes at the Internet Movie Database
- Redes, World Cinema Foundation
- Redes Film, The Ned Scott Archive