Reform the Armed Forces Movement
| Reform the Armed Forces Movement | |
|---|---|
|
RAM logo during the 1980's | |
| Leader(s) |
Gregorio Honasan Victor Batac Eduardo Kapunan |
| Motives | Militarist takeover |
| Active region(s) | Philippines |
| Notable attacks |
1986–1987 Philippine coup attempts 1989 Philippine coup attempt |
| Status | Inactive |
The Reform the Armed Forces Movement, also referred to by the acronym RAM, is a cabal of officers of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) that attempted to seize power in the Philippines during the 1980s and 1990s. These officers were instrumental in the destabilization of the Ferdinand Marcos and Cory Aquino presidencies.
Formation
RAM was founded by a group of junior military officers who were disgruntled by the patronage politics and corruption in the Armed Forces of the Philippines in 1980. The RAM officers, most of whom were graduates of the Philippine Military Academy Classes of 1971, 1972, and 1978, developed their careers during the Martial Law Years (September 21, 1972 to January 17, 1981).
RAM was placed under the leadership of the Ministry of National Defense security and intelligence force, then commanded by then Army Colonel Gregorio Honasan, who was also then the chief security officer of then Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile, who gave the blessing in forming the organization because Enrile too, also wants reforms in the military.
From being an apolitical and professional organization, the AFP during the Marcos administration became highly politicized, and promotions were given not through merit but through affiliation or patronage - in the Philippines this is better known as the Padrino System. The PMA Class of 1971 Matatag, spearheaded the struggle of RAM to "reform the service, foster nationalism and patriotism, and fight against corruption and criminal activities." As well as tackle the "problem of favoritism, incompetence, and corruption in senior leadership."[1]
RAM played a crucial role in the mutiny that spurred the first EDSA People Power Revolution in the Philippines. But after the downfall of the Marcos dictatorial regime, the RAM movement was used repeatedly by the anti-Aquino faction of the elite for their own ends, i.e., in order to stage successive coups d'état against the Aquino administration in their bid for power. All these coup attempts failed miserably in the end.
Plot against Ferdinand E. Marcos
RAM attempted to bomb the Malacanang Palace during the events of the People Power. However, they failed and instead supported the events in EDSA that would eventually put Cory Aquino in the place of Marcos.
Coup attempts during the Aquino Administration
Renaming
In 1990, RAM cut its ties with the SFP (Soldiers of the Filipino People), and changed its name to Rebolusyonaryong Alyansang Makabansa (Revolutionary Nationalist Alliance).[2]
See also
- Armed Forces of the Philippines
- People Power Revolution
- 1989 Philippine coup attempt
- Magdalo (mutineers)
- List of revolutions and rebellions
- Coup d'état