Rössing uranium mine

Rössing Mine
Location
Rössing Mine
Location in Namibia
Location Namib Desert
Region Erongo
Country  Namibia
Coordinates 22°29′03″S 015°02′56″E / 22.48417°S 15.04889°E / -22.48417; 15.04889Coordinates: 22°29′03″S 015°02′56″E / 22.48417°S 15.04889°E / -22.48417; 15.04889
Production
Products Uranium
History
Opened 1976
Owner
Company Rio Tinto Group, Iran, Namibia
Website Rossing.com
Satellite photo of Rossing mine and vicinity, 2013. Town of Arandis is at top center. Outlined area at lower right links to an enlarged image of this complex geology at NASA Earth Observatory

The Rössing Uranium Mine in Namibia is the longest-running and one of the largest open pit uranium mines in the world and is located in the Namib Desert near the town of Arandis, which is 70 kilometres from the coastal town of Swakopmund. Discovered in 1928, the Rössing mine started operations in 1976 and, in 2005, produced 3,711 tonnes of uranium oxide, becoming the fifth-largest uranium mine with 8 per cent of global output. Namibia is the world's fourth-largest exporter of uranium.[1]

In the apartheid era, the Rössing uranium mine was the focus for international criticism and protests by anti-apartheid and anti-nuclear groups, mainly in Europe.[2] Reports that Rössing's uranium might be diverted to Iran, whose government owns 15% of the shares in the mine via its Iranian Foreign Investment Company, have been denied by the mine's management which maintains that the shareholding is entirely passive.[3][4]

A catastrophic structural failure of a leach tank resulted in a major spill at Rossing on January 17, 2014.[5]

Mine operations

Background

Uranium was discovered in the Namib Desert in 1928 but explorations began only at the end of the 1950. Rössing is the largest of three mines exploiting Uranium in the Namib, the others are Langer Heinrich operated by Paladin, and Husab (under construction), under Chinese ownership. The open pit mine's production capacity is 4,500 tons.[6]

Extraction

Rössing is a low-grade ore body of huge extent. Producing 1,000 tonnes of uranium oxide requires processing of 3 million tonnes of ore, and in 2005 19.5 million tonnes of rock were mined and transported from the open pit to the processing plant. Of those, 12 million tonnes were uranium ore, which in turn required 226,276 tonnes of acid for processing into yellowcake, a powdered uranium concentrate which is the basis for nuclear reactor fuel.[1]

There are some fears that salt and uranium from the mine is endangering the farming industry in the Swakop River area. Rössing is working with the Namibian farmers on this issue.[7][8]

A catastrophic structural failure of a leach tank resulted in a major spill at Rossing on January 17, 2014.[9] The France-based laboratory, CRIIRAD, reported elevated levels of radioactive materials in the area surrounding the mine.[10][11] Workers were not informed of the dangers of working with radioactive materials and the health effects thereof.[12][13][14]

Ownership

Shares in the mine are owned 69% by the Rio Tinto Group, 15% by the Government of Iran (purchased in 1976), 10% by IDC of South Africa, 3% by the Government of Namibia (with 51% of voting rights), and 3% by local individual shareholders.[15] Although Rössing's part-ownership by Iran was the cause of controversy in the 1970s and 1980s, the Namibian Government – in power since 1990 – has denied supplying Iran with Namibian uranium, which could be used for nuclear weapons.[16]

Employment

Rio Tinto Rössing Uranium is one of the largest employers in Namibia's Erongo Region. About 800 people were employed at the mine in 2005, of whom 96% are Namibians. Of these, 160 worked in the open pit, 186 in the processing plant, 267 engineering and 200 administrative personnel.[1] Total employment increased to 1,528 in 2012, with an additional 780 jobs provided through subcontractors. For 2013, 276 staff are to be laid off.[6] Most of the workers live in the mining settlement of Arandis or in nearby Swakopmund. Critics have argued that the mine has a history of racial discrimination against its black employees (a common feature of apartheid-era companies), including harsh disciplinary measures, abominable housing conditions at Arandis, and low wages. Even with substantial improvements in the '90s after Namibia's independence, blacks and their unions still claim being disadvantaged.[17]

For 2006 and 2007 the mine management has announced investment of about US$112 million, mostly on mining equipment such as haul trucks and shovels, as well as on updating the processing plant. The main target is to increase uranium oxide production to the mine's full planned capacity of 4,000 tonnes. Expansion plans are expected to extend the mine's life to at least 2016. The possibility of underground mining has been explored in the past, and stated to have the possibility of extending the life of the mine for several further decades.[18]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Rössing (from infomine.com, status Friday 30 September 2005)
  2. ↑ Opposition Outside Namibia (from the The Gulliver Rössing Uranium Ltd Dossier)
  3. ↑ Duddy, Jo-Maré (3 February 2010). "Nam uranium spooks the US". The Namibian.
  4. ↑ "Rössing reviews Iranian shareholding after lifting of sanctions". New Era. 26 January 2016.
  5. ↑ WISE Uranium Project. "Issues at Rössing Uranium Mine, Namibia". World Information Service on Energy, Uranium Project. Retrieved 7 April 2014.
  6. 1 2 Kaira, Chamwe (11 June 2013). "Rössing steers another storm". The Namibian. pp. 10–11. Some of the factual statements are only available in the offline version of this article.
  7. ↑ Uranium in groundwater 'not serious': Roessing – The Namibian, Friday 24 June 2005
  8. ↑ "Rössing in the Erongo Region". Rössing Uranium Limited. Retrieved 2007-01-06.
  9. ↑ WISE Uranium Project. "Issues at Rössing Uranium Mine, Namibia". World Information Service on Energy, Uranium Project. Retrieved 7 April 2014.
  10. ↑ Commission de Recherche et d’Information Indépendantes sur la Radioactivité. "Preliminary results of CRIIRAD radiation monitoring near uranium mines in Namibia" (PDF). April 11, 2012. CRIIRAD. Retrieved 7 April 2014.
  11. ↑ Commission de Recherche et d’Information Indépendantes sur la Radioactivité. "CRIIRAD Preliminary Report No. 12-32b Preliminary results of radiation monitoring near uranium mines in Namibia" (PDF). April 5, 2012. CRIIRAD EJOLT Project. Retrieved 7 April 2014.
  12. ↑ Labor Resource and Research Institute. "Namibian workers in times of uncertainty: The Labour Movement 20 years after independence". 2009. LaRRI. Retrieved 7 April 2014.
  13. ↑ LaRRI. "Our Work: Labour Resource and Research Institute". April 25, 2013. LaRII. Retrieved 7 April 2014.
  14. ↑ Shinbdondola-Mote, Hilma (January 2009). "Uranium mining in Namibia: The mystery behind 'low level radiation'". Labor Resource and Research Institute (LaRRI). Retrieved 7 April 2014.
  15. ↑ "Rössing's business at a glance – 2007". Rössing Uranium Limited. Retrieved 10 May 2009.
  16. ↑ "Iran did not buy uranium from Namibia," govt – The Namibian, 1 February 2005
  17. ↑ Rossing conditions (from the The Gulliver Rossing Uranium Ltd Dossier)
  18. ↑ Origins and development (from the The Gulliver Rossing Uranium Ltd Dossier)
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