Santa Marta

This article is about the Colombian city. For other uses, see Santa Marta (disambiguation).
Santa Marta
City

Top:Panorama view of the Cienaga Grande de Santa Marta, from inside the swamp, 2nd left:View of Mirador in Cabo San Juan del Guia, Tayrona Natural Park, 2nd right:Santa Marta Cathedral (La Casa del Farol), 3rd left:Statue of Simon Bolivar in Quinta of Saint Pedro Alejandrino, 3rd upper middle:Colombian National Pantheon in Barrio Mamatoco, 3rd lower middle:Night view of Snta Marta City Hall, 3rd right:Twilight view of Tribute to the Tayrona Ethnicity Square, Bottom:Panoramic view of Acuatico El Rodadero Park and resort area, from De Gaira area

Flag
Coat of arms
Nickname(s): America's Pearl (La Perla de America)

Location in the Department of Magdalena.
Municipality (dark grey)
City (red)
Santa Marta

Location in Colombia

Coordinates: 11°14′31″N 74°12′19″W / 11.24194°N 74.20528°W / 11.24194; -74.20528Coordinates: 11°14′31″N 74°12′19″W / 11.24194°N 74.20528°W / 11.24194; -74.20528
Country  Colombia
Region Caribbean Region
Department Magdalena
Foundation July 29, 1525
Founded by Rodrigo de Bastidas
Named for Martha
Government
 • Mayor Rafael Martínez (2016-2019) (Liberal)
Area
 • City 2,393.65 km2 (924.07 sq mi)
 • Urban 55.10 km2 (21.27 sq mi)
Elevation 6 m (20 ft)
Highest elevation 5,775 m (18,947 ft)
Population (2010)[1]
 • City 454,860
 • Density 190/km2 (490/sq mi)
 • Urban 385,122
 • Urban density 6,989.5/km2 (18,106.3/sq mi)
  DANE
Demonym(s) Samario
Time zone Colombia Standard Time (UTC-05)
Area code(s) 57 + 5
Website Official website (Spanish)

Santa Marta, officially Distrito Turístico, Cultural e Histórico de Santa Marta ("Touristic, Cultural and Historic District of Santa Marta"), is a city in Colombia. It is the capital of the department of Magdalena and fourth largest urban city of the Caribbean Region of Colombia, after Barranquilla, Cartagena, and Soledad. Founded on July 29, 1525, by the Spanish conquistador Rodrigo de Bastidas, it was the first Spanish settlement in Colombia, and is the oldest surviving city in that country, and second oldest in South America.[2] This city is situated on a bay of the same name and as such, is a prime tourist destination.[3]

History

Pre-Columbian times

Before the arrival of Europeans, the South American continent was inhabited by a number of indigenous groups. Due to a combination of tropical weather, significant rainfall, and the destruction and misrepresentation of many records by Spanish conquistadors, our understanding of the peoples of this region is limited.

The Tairona formed mid- to large-size population centers, consisting of stone pathways, terraces, protected waterways, and spaces dedicated to agricultural produce. Their economy was primarily agricultural, cultivating corn, pineapple, yucca, and other local foodstuffs. The Tayrona are considered quite advanced for their time period. Surviving archaeological sites consisted of formed terraces and small scale underground stone channels. They also were known to actively collect and process salt, which was a significant trading commodity. We know that they traded with other indigenous groups along the coast and interior. Archaeological excavations have recovered significant works in pottery, stonework and gold.

Flag

Santa Marta’s flag consists of two colours: white and blue. White symbolises peace, in that all are united without restriction. Blue symbolises the sky, the sea, the magic found in the horizon, and the snow-capped Sierra Nevada mountains.

Geography

Vista satelital de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.

Santa Marta is located on Santa Marta Bay of the Caribbean Sea in the province of Magdalena. It is 992 km from Bogotá and 93 km from Barranquilla. It is bordered to the north and west by the Caribbean and to the south by the municipalities of Aracataca and Ciénaga.

Economy

Santa Marta's economy is based on tourism, trade, port activities, fishing and agriculture, in that order. The main agricultural products are: bananas, coffee, cocoa and cassava.

Infrastructure

Santa Marta is a major port. Simon Bolivar International Airport (IATA: SMR ) is 16 km (10 mi) from the city centre. It should be noted that historic figure Simon Bolivar died here, a significant event for South America as a whole. His villa known as La Quinta de San Pedro Alejandrino is located just outside the city centre. As the main city centre is located close to the coast, the city itself has had difficulty controlling expansion. Although, technically a separate locality, Rodadero is often considered part of Santa Marta itself.

Twin towns

Santa Marta has one sister city: Miami Beach, Florida.[4]

Climate

Climate data for Santa Marta (Simón Bolívar International Airport) 1981–2010
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 37.0
(98.6)		 38.2
(100.8)		 37.0
(98.6)		 37.6
(99.7)		 37.4
(99.3)		 37.4
(99.3)		 37.8
(100)		 37.4
(99.3)		 37.2
(99)		 36.2
(97.2)		 38.2
(100.8)		 37.6
(99.7)		 38.2
(100.8)
Average high °C (°F) 33.0
(91.4)		 33.6
(92.5)		 33.8
(92.8)		 33.6
(92.5)		 32.9
(91.2)		 33.0
(91.4)		 33.0
(91.4)		 32.8
(91)		 32.5
(90.5)		 32.1
(89.8)		 32.1
(89.8)		 32.4
(90.3)		 32.9
(91.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 27.4
(81.3)		 27.9
(82.2)		 28.4
(83.1)		 28.9
(84)		 29.1
(84.4)		 29.1
(84.4)		 28.8
(83.8)		 28.6
(83.5)		 28.3
(82.9)		 27.9
(82.2)		 27.8
(82)		 27.5
(81.5)		 28.3
(82.9)
Average low °C (°F) 22.3
(72.1)		 23.2
(73.8)		 24.2
(75.6)		 25.3
(77.5)		 25.5
(77.9)		 25.1
(77.2)		 24.6
(76.3)		 24.5
(76.1)		 24.3
(75.7)		 24.2
(75.6)		 23.8
(74.8)		 22.7
(72.9)		 24.1
(75.4)
Record low °C (°F) 17.4
(63.3)		 18.3
(64.9)		 20.0
(68)		 19.0
(66.2)		 18.0
(64.4)		 19.0
(66.2)		 18.0
(64.4)		 18.0
(64.4)		 17.0
(62.6)		 17.0
(62.6)		 17.0
(62.6)		 18.0
(64.4)		 17.0
(62.6)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 3.1
(0.122)		 2.0
(0.079)		 2.3
(0.091)		 14.1
(0.555)		 55.4
(2.181)		 60.7
(2.39)		 59.6
(2.346)		 70.0
(2.756)		 88.3
(3.476)		 111.0
(4.37)		 63.5
(2.5)		 15.2
(0.598)		 545.3
(21.469)
Average rainy days 0 1 1 3 7 9 10 13 13 13 8 2 80
Average relative humidity (%) 74 72 72 74 76 76 77 78 79 80 79 76 76
Mean monthly sunshine hours 285.2 248.6 251.1 228.0 223.2 228.0 232.5 220.1 201.0 204.6 219.0 269.7 2,811
Mean daily sunshine hours 9.2 8.8 8.1 7.6 7.2 7.6 7.5 7.1 6.7 6.6 7.3 8.7 7.7
Source: Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales[5][6][7]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Boletín Censo General 2005 - Perfil Santa Marta" (PDF). DANE. Retrieved 27 Nov 2012.
  2. ↑ "Santa Marta historia y tradición" (in Spanish). Ministerio de Educación Nacional. Retrieved 2009. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  3. ↑ "Colombia" (in Spanish). Decameron. Retrieved 28 May 2009.
  4. ↑ Miami Beach Sister Cities Program
  5. ↑ "Promedios Climatológicos 1981–2010" (in Spanish). Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales. Archived from the original on 14 August 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
  6. ↑ "Promedios Climatológicos 1971–2000" (in Spanish). Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales. Archived from the original on 14 August 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
  7. ↑ "Tiempo y Clima" (in Spanish). Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales. Archived from the original on 14 August 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
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