Saxil Tuxen

Saxil Tuxen (1885–1975) was an influential surveyor and town planner in Melbourne, Australia, during the interwar periods.^[1] Tuxen was born in Kew, Victoria, on 11 December 1885.^[2]

Surveying and town planning career

Tuxen worked for his Danish born father's surveying firm in Melbourne, during the first decade of the twentieth century.^[2] After the death of his father in 1913, Saxil took over the surveying practice.^[3] The firm had forty years experience in the sub division of suburban land throughout Melbourne.^[3] Tuxen drew on this experience and developed an awareness of the intrinsic relationship between surveying and town planning.

Tuxen "enjoyed success with conventional forms of design but he was also open to persuasion" and new ideas.^[4] His differing approaches to design and planning are evident in his 1914 "right-angled subdivision design in Bittern, Victoria".^[5] The Bittern design was based on a grid system plan. In contrast, his design for the ‘Hill Top’ development in Mont Albert, a suburb of Melbourne, incorporated "unusual size and shape, with an irregular streetscape".^[3] This example demonstrated Tuxen's movement away from the grid system, to the contemporary design approach of the early twentieth century. This new design embraced curved, radial and diagonal streets; the environment was celebrated through open spaces and parks, and civic buildings were placed in the centre of town.^[6]

Tuxen embraced Ebenezer Howard's idea of the garden city. He incorporated the environment into his design, rather than imposing the development on the topography of the site. The idea of the garden city and the utilisation of the natural environment are evident in Tuxen's 1923 design of the Ranelagh Estate, on Victoria's Mornington Peninsula. The estate had "distinctive long curved roads, recreation reserves, internal reserves, and spacious triangular traffic islands, which were designed to harmonise with the topography of the land".^[7] The idea of Howard's garden city was also evident in Saxil's 1925 design of Park Orchards, in Melbourne.^[2]

By the 1920s, Tuxen was as one of Australia's leading town planning experts. A plethora of planning knowledge and experience enabled Tuxen to become a founding member of the Victorian Town Planning Association.^[5]

Between 1923 and 1929, Tuxen worked for Melbourne's Metropolitan Town Planning Commission (MTPC) as a technical expert.^[2] His primary authorities were Melbourne's waterways, roadways and public transport.^[8] Tuxen's primary focus was to ensure that Melbourne's tram networks were preserved and maintained, at a time when other planning experts were calling for them to be removed and to promote development which incorporated Melbourne's waterways, notable, the Yarra River.

In 1925, whilst working for the MTPC, Tuxen travelled to the US to gain further knowledge of their approach to surveying and town planning.^[2] He "photographed important urban features for potential incorporation into the future Melbourne [plan], paying particular attention to open spaces, streetscapes and building heights".^[2]

By 1932, Saxil "had designed or co-designed at least thirty suburban divisions – a majority which could be termed garden cities".^[9] In planning terms, Saxil is often overshadowed by better known planners like John Sulman and architect/planner Walter Burley Griffin. However, Tuxen is the "most successful [garden city planner], where success is defined in terms of projects actually reaching completion in a form close to the original design".^[10]

Ideas and influences

Saxil Tuxen was exposed to a variety surveying and town planning theory and design through his international travels. He "was in touch with international developments, and utilised them where appropriate in his work".^[10] Saxil firmly believed that surveyors and town planners needed to work together if suburban subdivisions were to be successful. He felt that the values and expertise of the surveying profession facilitated Melbourne's plan, which incorporated a unique layout and an abundance of parklands.^[11] Tuxen's interest in the civic improvement of society and his passion for "planning" as a profession resulted in the widespread advancement of town planning throughout Australia.^[12]

Saxil drew inspiration and ideas developed by one of planning's greatest innovators, Ebenezer Howard. Subsequently, most of his suburban designs were based on Howard's garden city phenomenon.

Saxil Tuxen was a "socially conscious [and] politically active planner [who had] interests in the built environment and social policy".^[2]

References

1. Walter Burley Griffin Society (2006)
2. Nichols (2009)
3. Nichols (2001), p. 95
4. Nichols (2001), p. 93
5. Nichols (2001), p. 94
6. Reps (1997), pp. 12–13
7. Heritage Council of Victoria (2009)
8. Nichols (2004), p. 53
9. Nichols (2001), p. 100
10. Nichols (2001), p. 114
11. Nichols (2001), pp. 115, 117
12. Nichols (2001), p. 116

Bibliography

• Heritage Council of Victoria (2009). "Ranelagh Estate Existing Statement of Cultural Heritage Significance" (PDF). File Number 607653. Retrieved 13 May 2009.
• Nichols, D. (2001). "Leading Lights: the Promotion of Garden Suburb Plans and Planners in Interwar Australia". Deakin University Australia. Retrieved 14 May 2009.
• Nichols, D. (2004). "Merely the Man in the Street: Community Consultation in the Planning of 1920's Melbourne". Australian Planner. 41 (3): 49–55.
• Nichols, D. (23 March 2009). "Lecture Four: Early Planning Innovator's". University of Melbourne. Retrieved 13 May 2009.
• Reps, John W. (1997). Canberra 1912: Plans and Planners of the Australian Capital Competition. Melbourne. Parkville, Vic.: Melbourne University Press. pp. 9–49.
• Walter Burley Griffin Society (2006). "News Update 42" (PDF). Retrieved 14 May 2009.