Segmentary lineage

Political and legal anthropology
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Related articles Circumscription theory Legal anthropology Left–right paradigm State formation Political economy in anthropology Network Analysis and Ethnographic Problems
Major theorists E. Adamson Hoebel Georges Balandier F. G. Bailey Fredrik Barth Jeremy Boissevain Robert L. Carneiro Henri J. M. Claessen Jean Comaroff John Comaroff Pierre Clastres E. E. Evans-Pritchard Wolfgang Fikentscher Meyer Fortes Morton Fried Ernest Gellner Lesley Gill Ulf Hannerz Thomas Blom Hansen Ted C. Lewellen Edmund Leach Ralph Linton Elizabeth Mertz Sidney Mintz Sally Falk Moore Rodney Needham Marshall Sahlins James C. Scott Elman Service Aidan Southall Jonathan Spencer Bjorn Thomassen Douglas R. White Eric Wolf
Social and cultural anthropology

A segmentary lineage society is characterized by the organization of the society into segments; what is often referred to as a tribal society.

A simple, non-anthropologist's explanation is that the close family is the smallest and closest segment, and will generally stand with each other. That family is also a part of a larger segment of more distant cousins and their families, who will stand with each other when attacked by outsiders. They are then part of larger segments with the same characteristics. Basically, if there is a conflict between brothers, it will be settled among all the brothers, and cousins will not take sides. If the conflict is between cousins, then brothers on one side will align against brothers on the other side. However, if the conflict is between a member of a tribe and a non-member, then the entire tribe including distant cousins could mobilize against the outsider and his or her allies. This tiered mobilization is traditionally expressed e.g. in the Bedouin saying: "Me and my brothers against my cousins, me and my cousins against the world." ^[1]

The ancient Hebrew nation (the Israelites) is one of the better-known examples, with biblical tradition denoting 12 tribes originating from one common ancestor (Jacob). The largest segmentary lineage society today is believed to be the Pashtun people of Afghanistan and Pakistan, with some 50 million members organized into a vast tribal structure. Arab tribal officials say that Bani Tamim, an Adnanite Arab tribe, has more than 42 million members, who all trace their lineage back to one man called Tamim.

External links

Segmentary Lineages, a chapter of Kinship and Social Organization written by Brian Schwimmer.

a system in which complementary opposition and genealogical principles of unilineal descent are used by residential groups as a basis for political mobilization in the absence of centralized political leadership

References

↑ Barth, F. (1973). "Descent and marriage reconsidered". In Jack Goody (ed.). The Character of Kinship. pp. 3–19.

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