Sermon of Ali ibn Husayn in Damascus

The Sermon of Ali ibn Husayn in Damascus are the statements of Ali ibn Husayn in Yazid presence. After battle of Karbala captured family of Muhammad, prophet of Islam, and head of the killed persons were moved to the Levant by the forces of Yazid. By order of Yazid, a pulpit was prepared and public speaker gave his lecture with emphasized to balme to Ali and Husayn ibn Ali. Ali ibn Husayn seized the opportunity.[1] He began to speak by Yazid’s permission and introduced himself and his descend. Also, he nominated to the adventure of Husayn ibn Ali killing.[2]

Ali ibn Husayn

Main article: Ali ibn Husayn

Ali ibn Husayn (Arabic: علي بن الحسين‎‎) or Zayn al-Abidin (the adornment of the worshippers) was the fourth Shia Imam, after his father Husayn. Ali ibn Husayn survived the battle of Karbala and was taken, along with enslaved women, to the caliph in Damascus. Eventually, he was allowed to return to Medina, where he led a secluded life with a few intimate companions. Zayn al-Abidin's life and statements were entirely devoted to asceticism and religious teachings, mostly in the form of invocations and supplications. His famous supplications are known as Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya.[1][3][4][5]

Background

After battle of Karbala captured family of prophet and head of the killed persons were moved to the Levant by the forces of Yazid.[6] At the first day of Safar,[7] according to narration of Turabi’s, they arrived to the Levant and captured family and head were taken into Yazid presence.[8]

According to Bihar al-Anwar, in Damascus Yazid ordered a pulpit to be prepared. He determined a public speaker to blame Ali and Husayn ibn Ali. The public speaker sat on the pulpit and began his lecture by praising Allah and insulting Ali and his son, Husayn. Also, he devoted long time to praising Yazid and his father Muawiyah. During this time, Ali ibn Husayn called out to him and said: "O you who preach! Woe be to you! You have bought the wrath of the Creator in lieu of the pleasure of the creatures, while your place is the hell." Then he turned towards Yazid and said:"Do you permit me to speak that which would be agreeable to Allah and would be a means of reward for those present?" Yazid refused, but the people said, "Permit him to ascend the pulpit, perhaps we may hear something (worthwhile) from him." Yazid replied, "If I permit him to mount the pulpit, he shall not descend it until he humiliates me and the progeny of Abu Sufyan." They said: "How could this ailing youth do so?' Yazid replied; "He comes from a family that has consumed wisdom along with the milk from their infancy.' After all Zayn al-Abidin ascended the pulpit and gave his sermon.[7] According to Kamile Bahai, Ali ibn Husayn asked Yazid to let him that gave the sermon on Friday.[7]

Context

Ali ibn Husayn began his sermon by praising Allah.

“ Praise be to Allah Who has no beginning, and the Everlasting Who has no end. The foremost Whose beginning has no beginning, and the Last Whose end has no end.[7] ”

Then he nominated to knowledge, forbearance, munificence, eloquence, valor, and friendship of Ahl al-Bayt and also the name of Hamza ibn Abdul-Muttalib and Ja'far ibn Abi Talib.[2][7]

“ O people! We have been bestowed six qualities and seven merits (by Allah). Knowledge, forbearance, munificence, eloquence, valor and friendship in the hearts of the believers are present in us. While our merits are that the Prophet in Authority is from amongst us; the Truthful (Imam Ali) is from amongst us; the Flyer (Ja’far at Tayyar) is from amongst us; the Lion of Allah, and that of His Prophet, is from amongst us; while also the two Sibtain4 of this nation are from amongst us. Those who know me, know me, while those who do not know me, I reveal my pedigree and ancestry for them until they recognize me. ”

He pointed to criterion that indicate the eligibility of Ahl al-Bayt for the succession of Muhammad, prophet of Islam. Therefore, he introduced himself in this manner. He stated that there is no need to introduce to person who know me, but I introduce myself for person who do not know me.[2]

The son of Mecca and Mina

Ali ibn Husayn introduced himself as son of Mecca and Mina.

“ O people! I am the son of Mecca and of Mina I am the son of Zamzam and Safa[7] ”

By this sentences, he stated that his descend reach to Abraham who construct Kaaba. In addition, there is this point that people who honor Kaaba, must revere Ali ibn Husayn as son of Mecca. To another word the person do not respected Ali ibn Husayn, in fact he had blasphemed all that is sacred.[2]

The son of Muhammad

“ I am the son of the one who was taken up to the Sidrat al Muntaha. I am the son of the one "who was bestowed revelation by the Almighty, what He did reveal" (again referring to the night of Me’raj. For all the above verses refer Surah an-Najm, surah no. 53). I am the son of Muhammad, the Chosen One![7] ”

The son of Ali

“ I am the son of person who fought against enemies with two swords. He emigrated twice, pledged allegiance twice (to the prophet), prayed in the two Qibla.[9] I am the son of Ali, the Approved One.[7] ”

The son of Fatimah bint Muhammad

“ I am the son of Fatemah az Zahra.[7] ”

The son of who killed at battle of Karbala

“ I am the son of Husayn, the one killed at Karbala. I am the son of the one who was smeared in blood and sand. I am the son of the one who was lamented upon by the genie in the darkness of the night. I am the son of the one who was mourned upon by the birds.[7] ”

Call to pray

When Ali ibn Husayn said these statements, Yazid ordered the muezzin to call people for the prayers. While the muezzin said: "I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah", Ali ibn Husayn stated:

“ O Yazid! This Honorable and Noble Messenger is my Grandfather or yours? If you say that he is your grandfather, then the entire world knows that you speak a lie. And if you say that he is my grandfather, then why did you kill my father with tyranny, and plunder his belongings and captivate his women-folk?[7] ”

Yazid known that it is to his best interest to do not answer. So, he ordered to muezzin to continue.[2]

Effect

After delivering the sermon, the audience began to cry out and hit their chest. They gathered around Ali ibn Husayn to apologized.[10]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Dungersi Ph.D., M. M. (December 1, 2013). A Brief Biography of Ali Bin Hussein (as). CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 1494328690.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Rabbani Golpayegani, Ali (September 1992). "The revealing of Ali ibn Husayn in Battle of Karbala". The light of knowledge. 46.
  3. ↑ Imam Ali ubnal Husain 2009, pp. 7–10
  4. ↑ Imam Ali ibn al-Hussein (2001). The Complite Edition of the Treatise on Rights. Qum: Ansariyan Publications. p. 16.
  5. ↑ Sharif al-Qarashi 2000, p. 450
  6. ↑ Qumi Abbas. Muntahal Aamaal fi tarikh al-Nabi wal Aal. 1. p. 429.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Nafasul Mahmoom. JAC Developer. pp. 12–. GGKEY:RQAZ12CNGF5.
  8. ↑ Syed Akbar Hyder Assistant Professor of Asian Studies and Islamic Studies University of Texas at Austin N.U.S. (23 March 2006). Reliving Karbala: Martyrdom in South Asian Memory: Martyrdom in South Asian Memory. Oxford University Press, USA. pp. 96–. ISBN 978-0-19-970662-4.
  9. ↑ sttaf, writer. "Sermon of Imam Sajjad (A.S.) in Damascus". Al-Maaref Islamic Organization.
  10. ↑ Alamdar, Hussein (2015). IMAM ZAIN AL-A'ABEDIN (AS). AuthorHouse. ISBN 978-1496965561.
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